Question 1

A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive radiation of Euprimates.
B)   development of Dryopithecus.
C)   spread of Sivapithecus.
D)   extinction of many primate species.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

The similarity of the foot bones between _________ and the living anthropoids makes it the likely first true primate.

Accepted Answer

A)   Proconsul
B)   Micropithecus
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   EosimiasE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Chororapithecus is considered the:

Accepted Answer

A)   oldest fossil in Africa.
B)   ancestor to Gigantopithecus.
C)   common ancestor of African apes and hominins.
D)   ancestor to Aegyptopithecus.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a 2-1-2-3 dental formula.
B)   a long canine tooth in males.
C)   a Y-5 molar pattern.
D)   bilophodont molars.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Comparisons of tooth wear in living apes and extinct Miocene apes suggest that some extinct species of apes ate:

Accepted Answer

A)   insects, fruit, and leaves.
B)   leaves, grass, and bark.
C)   leaves, nuts, and fruits.
D)   nuts, fruits, and small animals.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Gigantopithecus:

Accepted Answer

A)   stood four feet tall and weighed 300 pounds.
B)   stood ten feet tall and weighed 660 pounds.
C)   stood six feet tall and weighed 250 pounds.
D)   stood five feet tall and weighed 400 pounds.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Discuss the evolution of primates beginning with the Paleocene proprimates. In your answer, consider the effect of climate change on the environment and primates' environmental adaptations.

Accepted Answer

Primates have a number of anatomical cha...

Question 8

Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapids and omomyids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Notharctus
B)   Proconsul
C)   Carpolestes
D)   EosimiasE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

The Fayum desert has yielded fossils of these three primates:

Accepted Answer

A)   Oligopithecus, Apidium, and Aegyptopithecus.
B)   Proconsul, Notharctus, and Adapis.
C)   Eosimias, Biretia, and Micropithecus.
D)   Proconsul, Eosimias, and Adapis.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Plesiadapiforms are also called:

Accepted Answer

A)   proprimates.
B)   dryopithecids.
C)   proconsulids.
D)   adapids.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is:

Accepted Answer

A)   platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated to South America in the Oligocene.
B)   platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated across the Atlantic to South America.
C)   platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated south on land to Antarctica, then to Patagonia.
D)   Old and New World anthropoids evolved independently from different lineages in Africa and South America, respectively.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ouranopithecus
B)   Sivapithecus
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   GigantopithecusE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Euprimates represent the:

Accepted Answer

A)   first true anthropoids.
B)   first true primates.
C)   first true mammals.
D)   first true catarrhini.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around:

Accepted Answer

A)   5 mya.
B)   10 mya.
C)   15 mya.
D)   25 mya.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

The calcaneus (heel bone)  of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:

Accepted Answer

A)   primate.
B)   anthropoid.
C)   New World monkey.
D)   ape.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that:

Accepted Answer

A)   better vision allowed for better access to fruits and small insects.
B)   primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects and small animals.
C)   species could see predators from further away, thereby securing time to flee.
D)   predators had the ability to see primates better.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Which species of early primates had the most biological diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Eosimias
B)   Proconsul
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   OreopithecusE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

A difference between Miocene apes and modern apes is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the length of the tail.
B)   the breadth of the ribcage.
C)   the size of the hands.
D)   the morphology of the foot.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

Accepted Answer

A)   primates' unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.
B)   primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.
C)   certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.
D)   primates could see predators in advance.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

Accepted Answer

A)   long legs
B)   pointy teeth
C)   large eye orbits
D)   short fingers and toesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

Comparisons of tooth wear in living apes and extinct Miocene apes suggest that some extinct species of apes ate:

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Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

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Gigantopithecus:

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A difference between Miocene apes and modern apes is:

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The Fayum desert has yielded fossils of these three primates:

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A rapid temperature increase about 55 mya created tropical conditions around the world, resulting in the:

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Plesiadapiforms are also called:

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The most distinctive feature of ape dentition, which clearly distinguishes apes from Old World monkeys, is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genus is considered the ancestor to adapids and omomyids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which species of early primates had the most biological diversity?

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Discuss the evolution of primates beginning with the Paleocene proprimates. In your answer, consider the effect of climate change on the environment and primates' environmental adaptations.

Correct AnswerverifiedPrimates have a number of anatomical cha...View AnswerShow Answer

Chororapithecus is considered the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that:

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The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Euprimates represent the:

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Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The similarity of the foot bones between _________ and the living anthropoids makes it the likely first true primate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The calcaneus (heel bone) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The visual predation hypothesis proposes that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Primates have a number of anatomical cha...
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