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For which of the following is the "end-replication problem" relevant?


A) Circular DNA
B) Linear chromosomes
C) The centromere region of a chromosome
D) Bacterial chromosome
E) Theta model of replication

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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The proofreading function of DNA polymerases involves _____ activity.


A) 5' →\rightarrow 3'exonuclease
B) 3' →\rightarrow 5' exonuclease
C) 5' →\rightarrow 3' telomerase
D) 3' →\rightarrow 5'telomerase
E) 5' →\rightarrow 3'gyrase

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Suppose that some cells are grown in culture in the presence of radioactive nucleotides for many generations so that both strands of every DNA molecule include radioactive nucleotides.The cells are then harvested and placed in new medium with nucleotides that are not radioactive so that newly synthesized DNA will not be radioactive.What proportion of DNA molecules will contain radioactivity after two rounds of replication?


A) 0
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/3
E) 1/2

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following enzymes do NOT aid in unwinding of DNA for replication?


A) Helicase
B) Single-stranded binding proteins
C) Primase
D) Gyrase
E) Topoisomerase

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Explain the need for and mechanism of licensing of DNA replication.

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In order for the large genomes of eukary...

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Why did the Meselson and Stahl experiment require two rounds of replication?

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The first round of replication, which pr...

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What type of bonds does DNA ligase create between adjacent nucleotides?


A) Hydrogen
B) Phosphodiester
C) Ionic
D) Metallic
E) Ribonucleotide

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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What does the term "noncrossover recombinant" mean with respect to homologous recombination?

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Such a recombinant is therefore said to ...

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What would be a likely result of expressing telomerase in somatic cells?


A) Premature aging
B) Cancer
C) Lower rates of replication
D) Immortality of gametes
E) Early termination of replication

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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What would be the phenotype of a differentiated cell that is a telomerase mutant? Would it be viable?

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Since telomerase is not requir...

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You learn that a Mars lander has retrieved a bacterial sample from the polar ice caps.To determine how the Mars bacteria replicate their DNA, you obtain a sample of these bacteria and perform the same kind of experiment that Meselson and Stahl did.Based on the following equilibrium density gradient centrifugation results, what type of replication would you propose for these new bacteria? You learn that a Mars lander has retrieved a bacterial sample from the polar ice caps.To determine how the Mars bacteria replicate their DNA, you obtain a sample of these bacteria and perform the same kind of experiment that Meselson and Stahl did.Based on the following equilibrium density gradient centrifugation results, what type of replication would you propose for these new bacteria? A) Conservative B) Semiconservative C) Dispersive D) Semiconservative or dispersive E) Conservative or dispersive


A) Conservative
B) Semiconservative
C) Dispersive
D) Semiconservative or dispersive
E) Conservative or dispersive

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a necessary step in the Holliday model of recombination?


A) DNA primase generates an RNA primer.
B) The RNA template of telomerase binds to the telomere.
C) Topoisomerases aid in supercoiling.
D) DNA polymerase α\alpha initiates DNA synthesis.
E) A single-strand break occurs in the DNA molecule.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Both gyrase and helicase help to open up the DNA for replication.How do they differ?

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Gyrase unwinds the two DNA str...

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Telomerase activity is MOST likely to be found in which cells in humans?


A) Red blood cells
B) Muscle cells
C) Neurons
D) Germ line
E) Any type of somatic cell

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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What is the function of single-strand-binding proteins?


A) Connects Okazaki fragments by sealing nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone
B) Unwinds the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonding between the two strands at the replication fork
C) Reduces the torsional strain that builds up ahead of the replication fork as a result of unwinding
D) Binds to oriC and causes a short
E) Prevents the formation of secondary structures within single-stranded DNA

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following is a protein that facilitates the termination of replication in E.coli?


A) Telomerase
B) DNA gyrase
C) Tus
D) Primase
E) Topoisomerase

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Which activity is NOT associated with DNA polymerases?


A) Ability to attach a DNA nucleotide to the 3'end of previously incorporated DNA nucleotide
B) Ability to excise a newly incorporated nucleotide that does not match the template strand
C) Ability to "read" a template strand 3' to 5'and synthesize a complementary strand
D) Ability to synthesize a DNA from scratch without a primer
E) Ability to synthesize new DNA in a 5'to 3'direction

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which one of the following statements is NOT true for all E.coli DNA polymerases?


A) They require a primer to initiate synthesis.
B) They use dNTPs to synthesize new DNA.
C) They produce newly synthesized strands that are complementary and antiparallel to the template strands.
D) They possess 5' →\rightarrow 3'exonuclease activity.
E) They synthesize in the 5' →\rightarrow 3'direction by adding nucleotides to a 3' -OH group.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following typically only has one origin of replication?


A) Prokaryotes
B) Eukaryotes
C) Linear model of replication
D) Humans
E) Plants

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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