Question 1

The igneous feature shown in this figure is a

Accepted Answer

A)  dike.
B)  sill. 
C)  volcanic neck.
D)  laccolith.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Fractures along which the rock has slipped relative to the other side are called

Accepted Answer

A)  faults.
B)  cracks.
C)  joints.
D)  beds.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following are NOT differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tephra in an eruption column mostly cools before it reaches the ground.
B)  A pyroclastic flow mostly flows downhill, whereas a column rises at first.
C)  Damage from an eruption column can be more widespread.
D)  Pyroclastic flows form from a higher gas flux.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Shield volcanoes have low slopes primarily because

Accepted Answer

A)  the low viscosity of basaltic magma allows it to flow downhill for long distances.
B)  they never erupt from the same place twice.
C)  their abundant ash layers spread out large distances.D) All of the above
E) A) and B)

Question 5

What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  photographs showing the amount of damage in different places
B)  newspaper accounts of where buildings were destroyed
C)  newspaper accounts recording eyewitness observations
D)  seismograms from three stations
E)  All of these.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 6

What causes the stress that forms joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  burial and tectonic forces
B)  cooling and contraction
C)  uplift and unloading of pressure
D)  All of these
E)  None of theseF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The typical shape of most volcanoes is

Accepted Answer

A)  conical.
B)  cylindrical.
C)  domical.D) A) and B)
E) All of the above

Question 8

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  displacement
B)  rotation
C)  internal strain of the rock
D)  columnar jointsE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, the oceanic trench
B)  2, below the magmatic belt
C)  3, along a passive margin
D)  4, in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean
E)  Both 1 and 2.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Comparing these two photographs, which eruption has lower viscosity magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fluid cascade of lava
B)  the circular volcanic feature
C)  they could have the same viscosity
D)  there is no way to tellE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following cannot cause a tsunami?

Accepted Answer

A)  faulting
B)  an underwater landslide
C)  a volcanic eruption
D)  a strike-slip fault on land
E)  All of these can cause a tsunami.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  lava flow
B)  lava dome
C)  lava fountain
D)  pyroclastic column
E)  pyroclastic flowF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

Which of the following are true for horsts and grabens?

Accepted Answer

A)  A horst is a block that is uplifted relative to blocks on either side.
B)  A graben is a block that is dropped down relative to blocks on either side.
C)  May form associated with multiple normal faults.
D)  These are all true of horsts and grabens.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

How would the force and stress on the wooden pillar in this figure change if the stone weight was the same size but the wooden pillar was narrower?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of force and amount of stress would be unchanged.
B)  The amount of force and the amount of stress would both increase.
C)  The amount of force and the amount of stress would both decrease.
D)  The force would remain the same, but the amount of stress would increase.
E)  The force would remain the same, but the amount of stress would decrease.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 15

An earthquake generated on this type of fault would most likely be associated with a

Accepted Answer

A)  subduction zone.
B)  divergent plate boundary.
C)  rift.
D)  caldera.
E)  transform boundary.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

The relatively small volcanic feature that consists of solidified lava and some volcanic ash is a

Accepted Answer

A)  cinder cone.
B)  shield volcano.
C)  composite volcano.
D)  caldera.
E)  None of these.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way in which local mountains can be built?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged volcanism in composite volcanoes
B)  thrust faulting
C)  normal faulting
D)  folding
E)  All of these are ways to make local mountains.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The most dangerous type of volcano is a

Accepted Answer

A)  cinder cone.
B)  cinder cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater.
C)  huge shield volcano.
D)  composite volcano.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Folds are most often created through what type of stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  compression
B)  tension
C)  shear
D)  confiningE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viscous magma prevents gas from escaping easily.
B)  Abundant silica chains in viscous magma allow gas to pass quickly through the magma.
C)  Less viscous magma allows gas to escape, which can lead to very explosive eruptions.
D)  All of these.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 11: Volcanoes, Deformation, and Earthquakes

What type of deformation is shown in this photograph?

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What causes the stress that forms joints?

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What type of eruption is shown in this photograph?

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Fractures along which the rock has slipped relative to the other side are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The igneous feature shown in this figure is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Folds are most often created through what type of stress?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Comparing these two photographs, which eruption has lower viscosity magma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cannot cause a tsunami?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On this map of South America and adjacent areas, which site would have the deepest earthquakes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would the force and stress on the wooden pillar in this figure change if the stone weight was the same size but the wooden pillar was narrower?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The typical shape of most volcanoes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of evidence was used in the Investigation to locate where the earthquake occurred?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relatively small volcanic feature that consists of solidified lava and some volcanic ash is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are NOT differences between an eruption column and pyroclastic flow?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shield volcanoes have low slopes primarily because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most dangerous type of volcano is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a way in which local mountains can be built?

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Which of the following are true for horsts and grabens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An earthquake generated on this type of fault would most likely be associated with a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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