Question 1

For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce, Henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of

Accepted Answer

A)   a critical period.
B)   conservation.
C)   object permanence.
D)   attachment.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

Piaget claimed that children understand the world primarily by observing the effects of their own actions on other people, objects, and events during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   concrete operational
B)   sensorimotor
C)   formal operational
D)   preoperationalE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Children raised in the same family are not especially likely to have similar personalities. This most clearly implies that we should be cautious about attributing personality to

Accepted Answer

A)   gender schemas.
B)   parental influences.
C)   temperament.
D)   peer influences.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

According to Piaget, schemas are

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed sequences of cognitive developmental stages.
B)   children's ways of coming to terms with their sexuality.
C)   people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences.
D)   problem-solving strategies that are typically not developed until the formal operational stage.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Compared with children raised in Westernized cultures, children in many Asian cultures grow up with a strong sense of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-consciousness.
B)   gender identity.
C)   self-esteem.
D)   family self.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   egocentrism.
C)   infantile amnesia.
D)   insecure attachment.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place

Accepted Answer

A)   more emphasis on obedience and less emphasis on family loyalty.
B)   less emphasis on obedience and more emphasis on family loyalty.
C)   more emphasis on obedience and more emphasis on family loyalty.
D)   less emphasis on obedience and less emphasis on family loyalty.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Men over 40 have a higher risk of fathering a child with autism spectrum disorder than do men under 30 because they have a higher frequency of ________ in their sperm-producing cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   telomeres
B)   teratogens
C)   random genetic mutations
D)   imprintsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a

Accepted Answer

A)   telomere.
B)   stress hormone.
C)   critical period.
D)   teratogen.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   conservation.
B)   assimilation.
C)   habituation.
D)   accommodation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.

Accepted Answer

A)   conventional; postconventional
B)   preconventional; postconventional
C)   conventional; preconventional
D)   preconventional; conventionalE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a ball falling, infants spend ________ time looking at a ball stopping in midair. Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a moving car, infants spend ________ time looking at a moving car seeming to pass through a solid object.

Accepted Answer

A)   less; more
B)   more; less
C)   less; less
D)   more; moreE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   authoritarian.
B)   conservative.
C)   permissive.
D)   authoritative.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

The association between authoritative parenting and the social competence of children might result from an underlying third factor such as shared genes. This best reminds us that

Accepted Answer

A)   socially mature children evoke parental trust.
B)   imprinting occurs during a restricted critical period.
C)   we overestimate the value of our moral intuitions.
D)   correlation is not causation.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Piaget emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with the physical environment. Vygotsky emphasized how the child's mind grows through

Accepted Answer

A)   imprinting.
B)   a pruning process.
C)   social mentoring.
D)   cross-sectional study.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Konrad Lorenz
B)   Jean Piaget
C)   Sigmund Freud
D)   Erik EriksonE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Much of our psychological reasoning occurs on the "low road" of automatic unconscious thinking. This best illustrated by our

Accepted Answer

A)   critical periods.
B)   moral intuitions.
C)   formal operations.
D)   longitudinal studies.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Learning to delay gratification promotes

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation.
B)   imprinting.
C)   moral action.
D)   permissive parenting.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.

Accepted Answer

A)   both the sequence and the age-related timing
B)   the sequence but not the age-related timing
C)   the age-related timing but not the sequence
D)   neither the sequence nor the age-related timingE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Just after birth, the cries of newborns bear the intonation of

Accepted Answer

A)   identity.
B)   imprinting.
C)   object permanence.
D)   their mother's native language.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Developing Through the Life Span

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning to delay gratification promotes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce, Henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget emphasized how the child's mind grows through interaction with the physical environment. Vygotsky emphasized how the child's mind grows through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The association between authoritative parenting and the social competence of children might result from an underlying third factor such as shared genes. This best reminds us that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Just after birth, the cries of newborns bear the intonation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with children raised in Westernized cultures, children in many Asian cultures grow up with a strong sense of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Much of our psychological reasoning occurs on the "low road" of automatic unconscious thinking. This best illustrated by our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget, schemas are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children raised in the same family are not especially likely to have similar personalities. This most clearly implies that we should be cautious about attributing personality to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Men over 40 have a higher risk of fathering a child with autism spectrum disorder than do men under 30 because they have a higher frequency of ________ in their sperm-producing cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget claimed that children understand the world primarily by observing the effects of their own actions on other people, objects, and events during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents today place

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a ball falling, infants spend ________ time looking at a ball stopping in midair. Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a moving car, infants spend ________ time looking at a moving car seeming to pass through a solid object.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Avoiding physical punishment is to morality as respecting the laws of society is to morality.

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Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a ball falling, infants spend time looking at a ball stopping in midair. Compared with time spent looking at the scene of a moving car, infants spend time looking at a moving car seeming to pass through a solid object.

Correct Answer
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