Question 1

In elastic rebound theory,what must occur to produce an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enough stress must build up over time on a fault to overcome friction.
B)  Rocks must break in order to produce slip on a fault.
C)  The ground needs to absorb enough water to lubricate the surface of the fault.
D)  Tidal forces need to be at a maximum to increase the energy applied to the fault.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

In the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,much of the damage was due to fires because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a cow kicked over a lantern in a barn and started the fires
B)  water lines were badly damage so that firemen could not put out the fires
C)  electric power lines fell and caused sparks that started fires
D)  the shaking caused gas lines to rupture everywhere and these ignited to cause huge fire storms in the cityE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

________ have the highest velocities

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary waves (P-waves) 
B)  Secondary waves (S-waves) 
C)  Surface waves
D)  Refracted S-wavesE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Why is the Moment magnitude scale favored over the Richter magnitude scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  The moment magnitude carries the calculated values out to more decimal places so it is more precise.
B)  The Richter magnitude is based on older models of seismographs that are no longer used to record earthquakes.
C)  The Richter magnitude always underestimates the amount of energy released by an earthquake.
D)  The Moment magnitude measures the total energy released by an earthquake.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

________ averages 35 to 40 km in thickness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ averages 35 to 40 km in...

Question 6

The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan killed approximately 21,000 people while the 2010 earthquake in Haiti killed approximately 316,000 people because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the earthquake in Haiti was a larger magnitude (released more energy) than the one in Japan
B)  the earthquake in Haiti generated a very large tsunami that killed most of the people
C)  the construction methods in Haiti were not as good as those used in Japan
D)  the population of Haiti was much greater than that of northern Japan where the earthquake occurred
E)  All of the above were factors.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,the movement of the Pacific Plate was approximately ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 cm
B)  10 cm
C)  1 meter
D)  10 meters
E)  100 metersF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Would earthquakes of similar magnitudes in different regions of the Earth cause approximately the same levels of damage necessarily? In your explanation,consider both geologic and human-induced factors.

Accepted Answer

No.The magnitude of an earthquake and th...

Question 9

The next large earthquake on the San Andreas Fault zone in California is considered likely to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  in San Francisco because large earthquakes there are thought to occur every 75 years and the last large earthquake was in 1906
B)  in northern California because the last major earthquake was in central California and the plate boundary is moving the stress to the northwest.
C)  in Southern California because it has been nearly 300 years since the last major earthquake in that area
D)  All of the fault system is considered equally likely because the plate motion is uniform and all areas are affected equally.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

One measurement that is widely used to determine how far the focus of an earthquake is from the seismograph where it is recorded is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the amplitude of the P-wave
B)  the amplitude of the S-wave
C)  the difference in travel time between the P and the S wave
D)  the difference in amplitude between the P and the S waveE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Short term earthquake prediction research has focused on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  looking at when and where earthquakes have occurred in the past to develop a model for the timing of future earthquakes
B)  measuring the rate of motion on various faults and the strength of the rocks along the faults to determine when the stress buildup will exceed the strength of the rocks
C)  looking for precursors such as changes in topography,animal behavior,foreshocks,radon emission,etc.,that might signal an imminent earthquake
D)  measuring vertical changes in elevation along faults to determine whether a fault zone is inflating before a major ruptureE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Earthquakes with a very deep focus are usually located along ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a divergent plate boundary such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B)  a transform boundary such as the San Andreas
C)  a hot spot chain such as the Hawaiian Islands
D)  a convergent boundary such as the Peru-Chile trenchE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

The earth's major layers formed because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical composition of the solar nebula changed over time
B)  the earth was heated after its formation resulting in melting and redistribution of major chemical compositions
C)  radioactive decay caused materials to change over time and resulted in the layering
D)  the earth's mantle grew like a crystal forming around the earth's core but the crust was exposed to space and stayed more like the original materialE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

core asthenosphere mantle lithosphere

Accepted Answer

The answer of core asthenosphere mantle lithosphere...

Question 15

The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur
B)  1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake
C)  I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
D)  I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocksE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The best building material to use in an earthquake prone region is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  brick
B)  concrete
C)  wood
D)  stoneE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The earliest seismographs were designed by the Chinese nearly 2000 years ago to measure ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the magnitude of an earthquake
B)  the intensity of an earthquake
C)  the direction to the earthquake focus
D)  the depth of an earthquake focusE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

The deepest well that has ever been drilled on the earth is ________ deep,about 1/500th of the radius of the earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  12.3 km
B)  20.7 km
C)  31.4 km
D)  40.5 kmE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epicenter
B)  inertial point
C)  focus
D)  seismic zoneE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

What is the major difference between the crust and the lithosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  The crust is cool and the lithosphere is hot.
B)  The crust is located above the lithosphere.
C)  The crust is located between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere.
D)  The crust is compositionally distinct from the mantle,but the lithosphere is the rigid part of the crust and mantle.
E)  The crust is the rigid part of the earth and the lithosphere will flow.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Exam 8: Earthquakes and Earths Interior

One measurement that is widely used to determine how far the focus of an earthquake is from the seismograph where it is recorded is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The next large earthquake on the San Andreas Fault zone in California is considered likely to be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

core asthenosphere mantle lithosphere

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan killed approximately 21,000 people while the 2010 earthquake in Haiti killed approximately 316,000 people because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The deepest well that has ever been drilled on the earth is ________ deep,about 1/500th of the radius of the earth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best building material to use in an earthquake prone region is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest seismographs were designed by the Chinese nearly 2000 years ago to measure ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,the movement of the Pacific Plate was approximately ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Would earthquakes of similar magnitudes in different regions of the Earth cause approximately the same levels of damage necessarily? In your explanation,consider both geologic and human-induced factors.

Correct AnswerverifiedNo.The magnitude of an earthquake and th...View AnswerShow Answer

Earthquakes with a very deep focus are usually located along ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earth's major layers formed because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ have the highest velocities

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In elastic rebound theory,what must occur to produce an earthquake?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ averages 35 to 40 km in thickness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the major difference between the crust and the lithosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Short term earthquake prediction research has focused on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the Moment magnitude scale favored over the Richter magnitude scale?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 1906 San Francisco earthquake,much of the damage was due to fires because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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No.The magnitude of an earthquake and th...
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