Question 1

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbonyl
B)   ketone
C)   aldehyde
D)   carboxylE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   be more flexible in structure
B)   be more constrained in structure
C)   be more polar
D)   have more hydrogen atomsE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

A.
B.
C.
D.
- Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   donates its 2 electrons to another atom
B)   shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom
C)   has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell
D)   has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shellE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

- The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   isotopes
B)   enantiomers
C)   cis-trans isomers
D)   structural isomersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the study of compounds made only by living cells.
B)   the study of carbon compounds.
C)   the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic)  compounds.
D)   the study of hydrocarbons.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)  do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula
B)   are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula
C)   have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton
D)   are enantiomers of the same organic moleculeE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Why is carbon so important in biology?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a common element on Earth.
B)   It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor.
C)   It bonds to only a few other elements.
D)   It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure)  are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   have identical three-dimensional shapes
B)   are mirror images of one another
C)   are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity
D)   are cis-trans isomersE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A.
B.
C.
D. 
- Which molecule shown is a thiol?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

Accepted Answer

A)   CH₄
B)   C2H4
C)   C2H6
D)   C3H8E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Visualise the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)   C₃H₈
B)   C₂H₆
C)   C₂H₄
D)   C₂H₂E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   enantiomers
B)   radioactive isotopes
C)   structural isomers
D)   cis-trans isomersE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Accepted Answer

A)   The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
B)   The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
C)   They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
D)   They are less dense than water.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

A.
B.
C.
D. 
- Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lacks an asymmetric carbon and is probably a fat or lipid
B)   should dissolve in water
C)   should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent
D)   will not form hydrogen bonds with waterE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

How many electrons does one atom of carbon share to complete its valence shell?

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   3
C)   4
D)   8E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B)   They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C)   They have the same chemical properties.
D)   They have different molecular formulas.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

A.
B.
C.
D.
- Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

A.
B.
C.
D.
-Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

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- The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

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A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

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A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

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A. B. C. D. -Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

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Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

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Why is carbon so important in biology?

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A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

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A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Therefore, this compound ________.

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Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

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Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

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Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

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The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

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Visualise the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

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Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

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How many electrons does one atom of carbon share to complete its valence shell?

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A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

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A. B. C. D. - Which molecule shown is a thiol?

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Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

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