Question 1

An operational definition is ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a statement that attempts to predict a set of phenomena and specifies relationships among variables that can be empirically tested
B)  an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships
C)  a clear and precise explanation of how a concept will be measured in a study or an experiment
D)  the principle that a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmationE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What is the purpose of an institutional review board?

Accepted Answer

A)  to safeguard the rights and welfare of research participants
B)  to hinder the research process by placing unnecessary hurdles in the way of researchers
C)  to help protect the university from lawsuits from unhappy research participants
D)  to encourage the use of deception in medical and psychological research with humansE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Humanistic psychologists believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are basically destructive and must constantly fight negative impulses.
B)  psychologists should study only objective events such as stimuli and behaviors.
C)  people are basically good and will generally strive to achieve their full potential.
D)  early childhood experiences root in our unconscious and affect our adult personality.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov
B)  William James
C)  Wilhelm Wundt
D)  Max WertheimerE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Dualism is the idea that a psychologist can adhere to two different perspectives at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A positive correlation shows:

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which two independent variables change together.
B)  that as one independent variable increases,another decreases.
C)  that as one variable changes,another changes in the same direction.
D)  that as one variable changes,another changes in the opposite direction.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following attributes is NOT a characteristic of a critical thinker?

Accepted Answer

A)  being skeptical by nature
B)  accepting claims based on testimonials and anecdotal evidence
C)  refusing to accept common sense beliefs at face value
D)  being open-minded in the face of new informationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it is a procedure for assigning people to experimental and control groups
B)  it is a procedure in which each participant has the same possibility of being assigned to a given group
C)  it is a procedure in which paticipants are assigned to a positive correlation or a negative correlation condition
D)  it is a procedure that allows individual characteristics to be roughly balanced between groupsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are most closely associated with ________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic
B)  behavioral
C)  cognitive
D)  existentialE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation
B)  an experiment
C)  the survey method
D)  the psychometric approachE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method?

Accepted Answer

A)  What is the effect of ingesting alcohol on problem-solving ability?
B)  Does wall color affect the frequency of violence in prison populations?
C)  Do students prefer a grading system with or without pluses and minuses?
D)  What is the relationship between number of hours of study per week and grade point average?E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The humanistic perspective presents the most positive and optimistic view of human nature of all of the different modern models of psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In an experiment,any factor other than the independent variable that can influence the movement of the dependent variable is called a(n) ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous
B)  control
C)  comparison
D)  randomE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

The difficulty with many common sense claims that people believe is that even though they "seem" right,they are often incorrect when compared to scientific evidence.In other words,the scientific facts seem ___________ to people,when compared to their common sense beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A)  counterintuitive
B)  hyper-contextual
C)  divergent
D)  inexplicableE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

A case study is the best way to gain a large amount of data from many different participants at a bare minimum of expense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

"Watching violent cartoons is likely to make children behave in a more aggressive fashion." According to the scientific method,this statement is most likely a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conclusion
B)  result
C)  hypothesis
D)  factE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Phenomena such as telekinesis,clairvoyance,telepathy,and psychic healing are all examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  critical thinking
B)  parapsychology
C)  experimental methods
D)  correlationsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Why is it essential that the experimental and control groups be treated identically in every respect but one?

Accepted Answer

A)  so that the dependent variable can be accurately measured
B)  so that the results will apply outside the laboratory setting
C)  so that if the behavior of the two groups differs,the difference can be credited to the one thing that distinguished the groups from one another
D)  so that if the behavior of the two groups differs,the difference can be attributed to the independent variableE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Of the following,which is NOT a descriptive research method?

Accepted Answer

A)  a case study
B)  a naturalistic observation
C)  a survey
D)  an experimentE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

A weakness of ________ is that participants in the research often report inaccurate information,sometimes without even intending to.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic observation
B)  surveys
C)  field experiments
D)  laboratory experimentsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

Which of the following attributes is NOT a characteristic of a critical thinker?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A case study is the best way to gain a large amount of data from many different participants at a bare minimum of expense.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difficulty with many common sense claims that people believe is that even though they "seem" right,they are often incorrect when compared to scientific evidence.In other words,the scientific facts seem ___________ to people,when compared to their common sense beliefs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it essential that the experimental and control groups be treated identically in every respect but one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are most closely associated with ________ psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,any factor other than the independent variable that can influence the movement of the dependent variable is called a(n) ________ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the purpose of an institutional review board?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dualism is the idea that a psychologist can adhere to two different perspectives at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic psychologists believe that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A weakness of ________ is that participants in the research often report inaccurate information,sometimes without even intending to.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An operational definition is ___________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was an early proponent of functionalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following,which is NOT a descriptive research method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Watching violent cartoons is likely to make children behave in a more aggressive fashion." According to the scientific method,this statement is most likely a ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phenomena such as telekinesis,clairvoyance,telepathy,and psychic healing are all examples of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A positive correlation shows:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The humanistic perspective presents the most positive and optimistic view of human nature of all of the different modern models of psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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