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Exam 8: Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

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Question 31

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Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X → Y → Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. -Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

A) catabolism (catabolic pathways)
B) metabolism
C) anabolism (anabolic pathways)
D) dehydration

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 32

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A system at chemical equilibrium ________.

A) consumes energy at a steady rate
B) releases energy at a steady rate
C) consumes or releases energy, depending on whether it is exergonic or endergonic
D) has zero kinetic energy
E) can do no work

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Question 33

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Zinc, an essential trace element for most organisms, is present in the active site of the enzyme carboxypeptidase. The zinc most likely functions as ________.

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following represents the activation energy required for a noncatalyzed reaction in the figure?

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following in the figure would be the same in either an enzyme-catalyzed or a noncatalyzed reaction?

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

A solution of starch at room temperature does NOT readily decompose to form a solution of simple sugars because ________.

Some of the drugs used to treat HIV patients are competitive inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme. Unfortunately, the high mutation rate of HIV means that the virus rapidly acquires mutations with amino acid changes that make them resistant to these competitive inhibitors. Where in the reverse transcriptase enzyme would such amino acid changes most likely occur in drug-resistant viruses?

Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant Concentration, with the concentration of enzyme constant. In the accompanying figure, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations?

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following represents the activation energy needed for the noncatalyzed reverse reaction, C + D → A + B, in the figure?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X → Y → Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. -What is substance X?

Which of the following is TRUE for all exergonic reactions?

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following represents the difference between the free-energy content of the reactants and the free-energy content of the products in the figure?

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -You have isolated a previously unstudied protein, identified its complete structure in detail, and determined that it catalyzes the breakdown of a large substrate. You notice it has two binding sites. One of these is large, apparently the bonding site for the large substrate; the other is small, possibly a binding site for a regulatory molecule. What do these findings tell you about the mechanism of this protein?

The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG =ΔH − TΔS. Which of the following is (are) correct?

When 10,000 molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to ADP and i in a test tube, about half as much heat is liberated as when a cell hydrolyzes the same amount of ATP. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the ________.

An important group of peripheral membrane proteins are enzymes such as the phospholipases that cleave the head groups of phospholipids. What properties must these enzymes exhibit?