Question 1

Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that

Accepted Answer

A)   the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning.
B)   working memory's central executive focuses attention.
C)   information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten.
D)   our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared,Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges.Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic
B)   working
C)   procedural
D)   short-termE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way to promote

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit memory.
B)   the testing effect.
C)   iconic memory.
D)   deep processing.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The effortful processing of information

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot occur simultaneously with automatic processing.
B)   refers to the process of getting information out of memory storage.
C)   can become automatic through practice.
D)   occurs less frequently among adults than children.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The testing effect refers to the enhanced memory resulting from

Accepted Answer

A)   retrieving information from memory.
B)   the automatic processing of information.
C)   combining information into larger chunks.
D)   rereading previously studied information.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

We are more likely to recall adjectives if asked how well they describe us than if asked how well they describe someone else.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   automatic processing.
B)   distributed practice.
C)   the self-reference effect.
D)   echoic memory.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   shallow memory
B)   sensory memory
C)   automatic memory
D)   long-term memoryE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Learning how to read took great effort on your part as a child.Now,it has become

Accepted Answer

A)   effortful.
B)   automatic.
C)   procedural.
D)   implicit.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memory;long-term memory
B)   explicit memory;implicit memory
C)   visual stimulation;auditory stimulation
D)   shallow processing;deep processingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which measure of memory retention assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition
B)   retrieval
C)   relearning
D)   recallE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Echoic memory refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the encoded meanings of words and events in long-term memory.
B)   a vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.
C)   the automatic retention of incidental information about the timing and frequency of events.
D)   a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Juan is taking a statistics class but feels as though he is bad at math.He really wants to do well in the course.What advice should you give him?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Make sure you cram prior to any exam."
B)   "Take some time out each day before class to engage in massed practice."
C)   "It is best to use distributed practice to learn the material."
D)   "Try to use hierarchical organization to learn the material."E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

While shopping for groceries,Abby realized she had misplaced her shopping list.By mentally visualizing the aisles she had walked and the items she had looked at,she was able to recall the exact shelf space where she had placed the list.Her mental visualization most clearly involved

Accepted Answer

A)   iconic memory.
B)   working memory.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   automatic processing.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following questions would best enable you to remember that you saw the word PEACH on today's test?

Accepted Answer

A)   Does the word rhyme with teach?
B)   Is the word italicized?
C)   Does the word contain five letters?
D)   Is the word a type of fruit?E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model did not consider the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memories.
B)   implicit memories.
C)   sensory memories.
D)   long-term memories.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Imagine seeing a letter of the alphabet,then a simple question,then another letter,followed by another question,and so on.People who can consciously process and recall the most letters,despite such interruptions,are demonstrating effective

Accepted Answer

A)   echoic memory.
B)   procedural memory.
C)   implicit memory.
D)   working memory.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

The use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   chunking.
B)   mnemonics.
C)   distributed practice.
D)   the self-reference effect.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness?

Accepted Answer

A)   rehearsal
B)   relearning
C)   recognition
D)   recallE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

A classic three-stage information-processing model that distinguishes among sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory was first introduced by

Accepted Answer

A)   Alan Baddeley.
B)   Fergus Craik and Endel Tulving.
C)   Hermann Ebbinghaus.
D)   Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)   recall.
B)   recognition.
C)   reconstruction.
D)   relearning.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 23: Learning by Observation

Which measure of memory retention assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a fraction of a second after the lightning flash disappeared,Ileana retained a vivid mental image of its ragged edges.Her experience most clearly illustrates the nature of ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effortful processing of information

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some information in our fleeting ________ is encoded into short-term memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way to promote

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following questions would best enable you to remember that you saw the word PEACH on today's test?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning how to read took great effort on your part as a child.Now,it has become

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A classic three-stage information-processing model that distinguishes among sensory memory,short-term memory,and long-term memory was first introduced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan is taking a statistics class but feels as though he is bad at math.He really wants to do well in the course.What advice should you give him?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The testing effect refers to the enhanced memory resulting from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Echoic memory refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The original Atkinson-Schiffrin three-stage information-processing model did not consider the formation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine seeing a letter of the alphabet,then a simple question,then another letter,followed by another question,and so on.People who can consciously process and recall the most letters,despite such interruptions,are demonstrating effective

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are more likely to recall adjectives if asked how well they describe us than if asked how well they describe someone else.This illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While shopping for groceries,Abby realized she had misplaced her shopping list.By mentally visualizing the aisles she had walked and the items she had looked at,she was able to recall the exact shelf space where she had placed the list.Her mental visualization most clearly involved

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Iconic memory is to echoic memory as is to .

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