Question 1

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   observational learning.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits.Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day.The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   discrimination
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   extinctionE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

To assess whether Mrs.Webster had suffered a brain injury,researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face.In this application of classical conditioning,the sound was a:

Accepted Answer

A)   US.
B)   UR.
C)   CS.
D)   CR.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors because:

Accepted Answer

A)   the more severely children are punished for undesirable behaviors,the more likely they will exhibit those behaviors.
B)   children will forget how to perform punished behaviors even when the behaviors may be justified and necessary.
C)   the use of punishment could condition children to fear the teachers and avoid school.
D)   punishment cannot even temporarily restrain undesirable behaviors.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed reinforcer;immediate reinforcer
B)   primary reinforcer;conditioned reinforcer
C)   discrimination;generalization
D)   partial reinforcement;continuous reinforcementE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Skinner developed a procedure to guide a rat's actions toward a desired behavior.The procedure is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   secondary conditioning.
D)   variable-interval scheduling.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)   operant behavior
B)   spontaneous recovery
C)   generalization
D)   discriminationE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcer.
B)   punishment.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   secondary reinforcer.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of:

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval schedules.
B)   latent learning.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   instinctive drift.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   discrimination.
B)   generalization.
C)   learning.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   specified time period has elapsed.
B)   unpredictable time period has elapsed.
C)   specified number of responses have been made.
D)   unpredictable number of responses have been made.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Children often learn to associate their pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar.This best illustrates the process underlying:

Accepted Answer

A)   observational learning.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   variable-interval
C)   fixed-ratio
D)   variable-ratioE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Compared with nonabused children,those children who have experienced a history of abuse show a stronger brain-wave response to an angry face.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant behavior.
B)   generalization.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   discrimination.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Antonio's football coach frequently yells at him for swearing.As a result,Antonio now experiences anxiety when he's near his coach.The coach is a(n) ________ for Antonio's anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A)   neutral stimulus
B)   conditioned stimulus
C)   secondary conditioner
D)   unconditioned stimulusE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

On the first day of class,Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester.Clearly,studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

It has been suggested that ________ are activated when a monkey moves a peanut into its own mouth and when a monkey simply observes other monkeys move a peanut into their mouths.

Accepted Answer

A)   prosocial behaviors
B)   intrinsic motives
C)   cognitive maps
D)   mirror neuronsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer
B)   immediate reinforcer;delayed reinforcer
C)   reinforcement;punishment
D)   primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcerE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm,we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   classical conditioning.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 7: Learning

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 75,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to enter 20 elevators a day.The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm,we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder.This best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antonio's football coach frequently yells at him for swearing.As a result,Antonio now experiences anxiety when he's near his coach.The coach is a(n) ________ for Antonio's anxiety.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children often learn to associate their pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar.This best illustrates the process underlying:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with nonabused children,those children who have experienced a history of abuse show a stronger brain-wave response to an angry face.This best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been suggested that ________ are activated when a monkey moves a peanut into its own mouth and when a monkey simply observes other monkeys move a peanut into their mouths.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits.Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess whether Mrs.Webster had suffered a brain injury,researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face.In this application of classical conditioning,the sound was a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner developed a procedure to guide a rat's actions toward a desired behavior.The procedure is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acquiring new habits best illustrates the process of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On the first day of class,Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester.Clearly,studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as is to .

Correct Answer
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The introduction of a pleasant stimulus is to as the withdrawal of a pleasant stimulus is to .

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