Question 1

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined in managing his or her work?

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion
B)   agreeableness
C)   conscientiousness
D)   opennessE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The study of how neurobiology and cultural traits influence each other is most central to a new subfield called

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorism.
B)   the social-cognitive approach.
C)   cultural neuroscience.
D)   humanistic psychology.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner.Chandler usually becomes agitated.The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Accepted Answer

A)   reaction formation.
B)   collective unconscious.
C)   Oedipus complex.
D)   personality.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her.Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   free association.
C)   reaction formation.
D)   collective unconscious.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The belief that others' behaviors are responses to social norms rather than reflections of personality traits is most common in cultures that value

Accepted Answer

A)   individualism.
B)   narcissism.
C)   extraversion.
D)   collectivism.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

People are more critical of their ________ selves than of their ________ selves.

Accepted Answer

A)   past;current
B)   current;past
C)   possible;impossible
D)   impossible;possibleE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Excessive self-confidence is especially likely to be facilitated by the difficulty in recognizing

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   defensive self-esteem.
C)   one's own incompetence.
D)   self-efficacy.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

People who describe themselves as outgoing may also say they like excitement and practical jokes.This cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together reflects a basic

Accepted Answer

A)   personality dimension.
B)   scale.
C)   arousal.
D)   determinism.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   schemas.
B)   the Oedipus complex.
C)   unconscious mental processes.
D)   epigenetics.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Regression is a defense mechanism that involves

Accepted Answer

A)   consciously expressing feelings that are the opposite of underlying unconscious impulses.
B)   disguising threatening impulses by attributing them to others.
C)   retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage.
D)   shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward less-threatening targets.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The better-than-average effect best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   narcissism.
C)   self-efficacy.
D)   self-serving bias.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce,he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   reaction formation.
B)   displacement.
C)   projection.
D)   regression.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which personality theorist would have suggested that many ideas about good and evil that are shared across many different cultures are expressions of universally experienced archetypes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sigmund Freud
B)   Karen Horney
C)   Carl Jung
D)   Alfred AdlerE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Compared with people in individualist cultures,those in collectivist cultures are

Accepted Answer

A)   less likely to display signs of humility and more likely to value group goals.
B)   more likely to display signs of humility and less likely to value group goals.
C)   less likely to display signs of humility and less likely to value group goals.
D)   more likely to display signs of humility and more likely to value group goals.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following Freudian ideas is most consistent with today's psychological research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   The conscience is largely formed in the process of resolving the Oedipus complex.
B)   Excessive smoking reflects an oral fixation.
C)   Most memory loss results from unconsciously motivated repression.
D)   Conscious awareness of what goes on in our own minds is very limited.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Prior to his use of free association,Freud unsuccessfully tried to make use of

Accepted Answer

A)   hypnosis.
B)   projective tests.
C)   psychoactive drugs.
D)   fixation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

People's scores on a test of extraversion are likely to be most strongly correlated with the number of social conversations they initiate during the course of a single

Accepted Answer

A)   hour.
B)   day.
C)   week.
D)   month.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Freud believed that the manifest content of dreams consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)   repressed memories.
B)   sexual and aggressive images.
C)   archetypes derived from our species' universal experiences.
D)   censored expressions of unconscious wishes.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)   passive dependence.
B)   an inferiority complex.
C)   an Electra complex.
D)   a strong superego.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

According to Maslow,the desire to fulfill one's potential is the motivation for

Accepted Answer

A)   genuineness.
B)   self-actualization.
C)   self-esteem.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 13: Personality

The belief that others' behaviors are responses to social norms rather than reflections of personality traits is most common in cultures that value

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are more critical of their ________ selves than of their ________ selves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who describe themselves as outgoing may also say they like excitement and practical jokes.This cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together reflects a basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regression is a defense mechanism that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of how neurobiology and cultural traits influence each other is most central to a new subfield called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce,he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which personality theorist would have suggested that many ideas about good and evil that are shared across many different cultures are expressions of universally experienced archetypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The better-than-average effect best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following Freudian ideas is most consistent with today's psychological research findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Maslow,the desire to fulfill one's potential is the motivation for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excessive self-confidence is especially likely to be facilitated by the difficulty in recognizing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with people in individualist cultures,those in collectivist cultures are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prior to his use of free association,Freud unsuccessfully tried to make use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most descriptive of an individual who is organized and disciplined in managing his or her work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that the manifest content of dreams consisted of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her.Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's scores on a test of extraversion are likely to be most strongly correlated with the number of social conversations they initiate during the course of a single

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner.Chandler usually becomes agitated.The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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People are more critical of their selves than of their selves.

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