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Exam 4: Learning

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Question 91

Multiple Choice

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Archimedes was told by the king to find a way to prove that a gold crown was really gold.While in his bath,he noticed the water that his body displaced out of the tub and shouted, "Eureka!" which means "I have found it!" If the crown was really gold,it should displace the same amount of water as an equal amount of real gold.This is a famous example of ______.

A) latent learning.
B) learned helplessness.
C) insight.
D) observational learning.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 92

Multiple Choice

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If Billy was praised every 4th time he collected rocks without throwing them,his behavior would be on which schedule of reinforcement?

A) variable ratio
B) fixed interval
C) fixed ratio
D) variable interval

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 93

Multiple Choice

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A person receiving a monthly salary is on a:

Little Albert (Watson,1920) learned through classical conditioning to fear ______.

Learning that is not manifested until some later time is called _________.

Which theorist proposed the cognitive perspective of classical conditioning,explaining that it occurs because of expectancy?

Little Albert was conditioned to fear a:

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the repeated simultaneous presentations of a metronome's ticking sound and the food took place during the ___________ step of the classical conditioning process.

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was ____________.

In the classic study of fear conditioning in a human infant (the "Albert" experiment) ,what was the UCS?

Thorndike conducted research on:

Stimulus generalization occurs:

Observational learning has been used to explain why children who watch violent television tend to behave more aggressively.Research has demonstrated that watching such television shows causes an increase in violent tendencies.

As she walked through her neighborhood,Jodie,a 6-year-old girl,frequently saw a large brown dog.She repeatedly walked to the dog to pet it,but as her hand approached the animal,it barked and bit her.The bite was painful and caused her to cry.Now Jodie cries when she sees dogs of any color or size.Jodie's crying when she sees dogs is the ________.

Classical conditioning was accidentally discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov while he was studying salivation.

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be effective what must occur?

You decide that you are going to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a bell.You give the dog a biscuit,and then you ring the bell a second later.You do this several times,but no conditioning seems to occur.This is probably because ___________.

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

The "aha" moment that indicates insight learning was first hypothesized by Tolman.