Question 1

Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself.In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her in her joke-telling,Kelsey's dad might ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  offer her money
B)  applaud her appropriate behavior
C)  offer her praise for a job well done
D)  offer her a piece of candyE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov
B)  Watson
C)  Skinner
D)  ThorndikeE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  something negative
B)  a cue
C)  promoting punishment
D)  a warningE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

For years,parents have wondered whether physical discipline of their children (spanking,for example) was an effective and acceptable practice.What findings from many research studies have promoted the idea that spanking a child may be a bad idea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who were spanked at the age of 5 were more likely to show symptoms of depression at the age of 10.
B)  Spanking showed far more negative long-term effects when used on daughters as opposed to sons.
C)  Girls who were spanked as a form of punishment in toddlerhood were more likely to experience a premature entry into puberty.
D)  Children who were spanked at the age of 3 showed more aggressive tendencies by the age of 5.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Accepted Answer

A)  James.
B)  Skinner.
C)  Thorndike.
D)  Pavlov.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  food
C)  shelter
D)  a gold starE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a consequence stimulus is delivered in a negative manner.
B)  it results in the removal of the behavior.
C)  the behavior results in the removal of a negative reinforcer.
D)  the behavior is decreased/weakened.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement
B)  aversive conditioning
C)  punishment
D)  positive reinforcementE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral
B)  negative
C)  secondary
D)  primaryE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual reinforcement
B)  sporadic reinforcement
C)  continuous reinforcement
D)  partial reinforcementE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Dennis buys a lottery ticket every Saturday,using the same set of numbers.Although he has only won $25 on one occasion,he keeps buying the tickets.In fact,he's a little afraid that if he doesn't buy a ticket,that would be the one that would win really big.The fact that Dennis seems addicted to buying lottery tickets is a common characteristic of which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio
B)  fixed interval
C)  variable ratio
D)  variable intervalE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus.
B)  unconditioned response.
C)  conditioned stimulus.
D)  conditioned response.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  The human brain continues to grow and develop after birth.
B)  A human male develops the capacity to produce sperm cells at puberty.
C)  Drinking coffee makes a person more aroused.
D)  A student does not swat at a wasp buzzing around her head.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  inhibition
C)  stimulus generalization
D)  discriminationE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior.This issue of a token is an example of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning
B)  instinctive drift
C)  primary reinforcement
D)  behavior modificationE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

A _____________ reinforcer,such as money or praise,gets its value through an association with a ___________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive; negative
B)  primary; secondary
C)  natural; artificial
D)  secondary; primaryE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides the organism with a cue for making a certain response in order to obtain reinforcement
B)  leads a person to discriminate against one group of people based on ethnicity or race
C)  cues the person into which schedule of reinforcement is being used in operant conditioning
D)  Watson used to make Little Albert scared of all fuzzy thingsE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

In classical conditioning,the interstimulus interval refers to the amount of time between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning trials
B)  extinction trials
C)  presentation of the conditioned stimulus and presentation of the unconditioned stimulus
D)  experimental sessionsE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert
B)  the rat
C)  the loud noise
D)  the laboratory roomE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fear leads the child to forget the behavior that was punished.
B)  Fear produces resentment that makes the child rebellious and disobedient.
C)  Fear interferes with the child's ability to learn from the punishment.
D)  Fear may cause the child to avoid the punisher.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Learning

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Correct Answer
verified

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

Correct Answer
verified

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Correct Answer
verified

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that:

Correct Answer
verified

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ______________.

Correct Answer
verified

A ___ reinforcer,such as money or praise,gets its value through an association with a _ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
verified

For years,parents have wondered whether physical discipline of their children (spanking,for example) was an effective and acceptable practice.What findings from many research studies have promoted the idea that spanking a child may be a bad idea?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of __________.

Correct Answer
verified

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself.In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her in her joke-telling,Kelsey's dad might ______________.

Correct Answer
verified

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior.This issue of a token is an example of ___________.

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning,the interstimulus interval refers to the amount of time between ________.

Correct Answer
verified

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Learning

In the experiment with Little Albert,the conditioned stimulus was __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Luke kissed Laura,her heart rate increased.Luke always wore Old Spice After Shave.Whenever Laura smelled Old Spice,her heart raced.Luke's kiss was the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of learning to respond only to a single specific object or event is called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does fear caused by punishment make the punishment ineffective in changing behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aunt Bea gave Opie fried chicken livers every time he made his bed.Opie began making his bed more often than he used to.In this example,chicken livers are a _______ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A discriminative stimulus is a stimulus that ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____________ reinforcer,such as money or praise,gets its value through an association with a ___________ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For years,parents have wondered whether physical discipline of their children (spanking,for example) was an effective and acceptable practice.What findings from many research studies have promoted the idea that spanking a child may be a bad idea?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A discriminative stimulus is typically viewed as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself.In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her in her joke-telling,Kelsey's dad might ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior.This issue of a token is an example of ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,the interstimulus interval refers to the amount of time between ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six As on her tests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "law of effect" was first proposed in the modern scientific community by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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A ___ reinforcer,such as money or praise,gets its value through an association with a _ reinforcer.

Correct Answer
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