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Regarding bullying,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Bullies tend to deal with everyday situations by resorting to aggression.
B) Female bullies are more likely to engage in direct aggression,while male bullies tend to specialize in indirect aggression.
C) Bullying done online is called cyberbullying.
D) Adolescent and adult bullying can lead to serious violence,including murder and suicide.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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All of the following are specific types of prejudice EXCEPT


A) heterosexism.
B) ageism.
C) sexism.
D) animism.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Peter,who belongs to the "preppie" clique at the high school,is seen talking to a couple members of the "gothic" clique.Several members of his "preppie" group explain to Peter why he should not be seen talking to "those other people." If Peter adheres to the expectations of his clique,he will be exhibiting


A) group prejudice.
B) personal prejudice.
C) scapegoating.
D) social stereotyping.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A person tells you that "We should prevent any foreigners from coming to the U.S.and save this country for real Americans." This person is exhibiting


A) ethnocentrism.
B) altruism.
C) symbolic prejudice.
D) just-world beliefs.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Regarding social stereotypes,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Social stereotypes are always negative.
B) Some elements of prejudice are unconscious,which makes them difficult to change.
C) Stereotypes tend to simplify people into "us" and "them" categories.
D) When a person is stereotyped,the easiest thing for her or him to do is to abide by others' expectations.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Alcohol causes relaxation and raises one's threshold to engage in aggression.

A) True
B) False

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According to psychologists Conor Seyle and Matthew Newman,the "red and blue states" have become a national shorthand for dividing Americans into opposing camps with this oversimplification ignoring the fact that


A) the presidential election of 2000 was very close in many of the states.
B) people can be religious and vote as a Democrat.
C) people can be economically conservative,while being liberal on social issues.
D) all of these exist.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Violent delinquent behavior among adolescents usually develops slowly as they move from minor aggression,such as bullying,in early adolescence to physical fighting and gang fighting to rape and muggings in late adolescence.This escalation is best explained by which theory?


A) instinctual theory
B) frustration-aggression hypothesis
C) social learning theory
D) biological theory

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Stereotypes are oversimplified images of people and often include a mixture of both positive and negative qualities.

A) True
B) False

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Physiological studies have shown that which of the following can directly trigger or end aggression in humans?


A) instincts
B) some brain areas
C) increasing or decreasing environmental temperature
D) desensitization to aggressive cues

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Road rage and some freeway shootings are most likely the result of


A) the frustration of traffic congestion with automobiles providing anonymity,or a loss of personal identity.
B) urban societies being desensitized by the violence and apathetic to their fellow motorists.
C) instinctual drives for aggression being elicited by the honking horns and angry gestures.
D) the car serving as an aggressive weapons effect.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Bill is a retired aircraft mechanic,who has agreed to talk to a group of high school students about the early days of commercial aviation.Bill is concerned that any slip in his memory will confirm the belief that all older people are forgetful.Because he is anxious and preoccupied about possible memory lapses,Bill actually does have problems with his memory.This illustrates that


A) negative stereotypes can have a self-fulfilling quality.
B) most stereotypes have some degree of truth to them.
C) all older people have frequent memory lapses.
D) stereotypes are never positive.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Aronson's jigsaw classroom created


A) friendly competition between the students.
B) superordinate goals for the students.
C) status inequalities among the students.
D) individuating information for the students to assimilate.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Rusty is an eight-year-old,who deals with everyday situations using aggression.He regularly calls his fellow classmates names,teases and insults them,as well as pushing them out of his way on the playground.Rusty is exhibiting


A) bullying.
B) excessive assertiveness.
C) discrimination.
D) intergroup conflict.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The importance of external cues for aggression is shown by the


A) ethological view of aggression.
B) biological view of aggression.
C) weapons effect.
D) empathic arousal effect.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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If you agree that "people can be divided into the weak and the strong," or that "If people talked less and worked more,everybody would be better off," your personality would be described as


A) conservative.
B) liberal.
C) superordinate.
D) authoritarian.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Oversimplified images of people who belong to a particular social group are referred to as


A) social stereotypes.
B) social dogmatics.
C) discriminative stimuli.
D) group prejudices.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Regarding the jigsaw classrooms,which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Students are first divided into groups of five or six and given a topic,with each child being given a "piece" of the information to learn and teach the others.
B) The jigsaw classroom has been successful because it involves the development of ethnocentric relationships.
C) The most competitive children in a jigsaw classroom quickly realize that they cannot do well without the aid of everyone in the group.
D) Children in jigsaw groups are less prejudiced with improved grades and self-esteem.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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People with which personality would be more likely to call for severe punishment in schools when they feel threatened,such as when the economy is bad and job insecurities are high?


A) authoritarian
B) Type A
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Prejudice that occurs due to an adherence to group norms is called


A) groupthink.
B) group prejudice.
C) personal prejudice.
D) stereotyping.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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