Question 1

What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cl-
B)  HCO3-
C)  phosphate
D)  plasma proteinsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for the buffering of fixed acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  HCO3-
C)  Hb
D)  phosphatesE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Causes of respiratory acidosis in patients with normal lungs include which of the following?
I.neuromuscular disorders
II.spinal cord trauma
III.anesthesia
IV.central nervous system depression

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV
B)  III
C)  II, III, and IV
D)  II and IVE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What affect does hyperventilation have on the closed buffer systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  causes them to bind with more H+
B)  causes them to release more H+
C)  has no affect on them at all
D)  increases the affinity of the closed buffer systemE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

When does a state of alkalemia exist?
I.The HCO3-/CO2 ratio exceeds 20:1
II.The blood pH exceeds 7.45.
III.The blood PCO2 exceeds 54 mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III
B)  I, II, and III
C)  III only
D)  I and IIE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

[H+] can be determined by the use of which factors?
I.HCO3-
II.H2CO3
III.inorganic phosphorus
IV.PaO2

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and III
B)  II and III
C)  IV only
D)  I and IIE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Of what use is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a clinician?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can guide therapeutic decision for critically ill patients.
B)  It establishes the baseline values for buffer enhancement treatments.
C)  Given H2CO3 and CO2 values, the pH can be computed.
D)  It allows validation of the reported values on a blood gas report.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO2 = 24 mm Hg, HCO3- = 4.7 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  acute (uncompensated)  metabolic acidosis
B)  acute (uncompensated)  respiratory acidosis
C)  partially compensated metabolic acidosis
D)  partially compensated respiratory acidosisE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter?
I.decreased pH
II.increased HCO3-
III.increased PCO2
IV.increased pH

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, and IV
B)  I and III
C)  III only
D)  II, III, and IVE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

A patient has a bicarbonate concentration of 36 mEq and a PCO2 of 60 mm Hg. What is the approximate pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  7.2
B)  7.3
C)  7.4
D)  7.5E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO2 = 32 mm Hg, HCO3- = 29 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)  acute (uncompensated)  metabolic alkalosis
B)  combined metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
C)  partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
D)  partially compensated respiratory acidosisE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which buffer system has the greatest capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate
B)  hemoglobin
C)  phosphates
D)  plasma proteinsE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer base
B)  base excess
C)  standard bicarbonate
D)  base deficitE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A patient has an anion gap of 21 mEq/L. Based on this information, what can you conclude?
I.There is an abnormal excess of unmeasured anions in the plasma.
II.The patient probably has metabolic acidosis.
III.The concentration of fixed acids is increased.

Accepted Answer

A)  II and III
B)  I and II
C)  I and III
D)  I, II, and IIIE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H+ ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood buffer systems
B)  GI tract
C)  renal system
D)  respiratory systemE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

A patient has a confirmed metabolic acidosis with a normal PCO2. What inference can you draw from these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  A ventilatory disorder must coexist.
B)  Compensation for the acidosis has begun.
C)  The patient is hyperventilating.
D)  The values obtained must be in error.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What factor would limit the ability of the H2CO3/HCO3- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature rise of more than 3 ∘\circ∘ C
B)  inadequate amount of 2,3-DPG in the blood
C)  increased production of nonvolatile acids
D)  lungs failing to excrete adequate levels of CO2 E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 13: Acid-Base Balance

In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? I.decreased pH II.increased HCO₃^- III.increased PCO₂ IV.increased pH

Correct Answer
verified

Which buffer system has the greatest capacity?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H⁺ ions?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Correct Answer
verified

When does a state of alkalemia exist? I.The HCO₃^-/CO₂ ratio exceeds 20:1 II.The blood pH exceeds 7.45. III.The blood PCO₂ exceeds 54 mm Hg.

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has a bicarbonate concentration of 36 mEq and a PCO₂ of 60 mm Hg. What is the approximate pH?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for the buffering of fixed acids?

Correct Answer
verified

[H⁺] can be determined by the use of which factors? I.HCO₃^- II.H₂CO₃ III.inorganic phosphorus IV.PaO₂

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has a confirmed metabolic acidosis with a normal PCO₂. What inference can you draw from these findings?

Correct Answer
verified

Causes of respiratory acidosis in patients with normal lungs include which of the following? I.neuromuscular disorders II.spinal cord trauma III.anesthesia IV.central nervous system depression

Correct Answer
verified

Of what use is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a clinician?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO₂ = 32 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 29 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

What affect does hyperventilation have on the closed buffer systems?

Correct Answer
verified

What factor would limit the ability of the H₂CO₃/HCO₃^- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO₂ = 24 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 4.7 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has an anion gap of 21 mEq/L. Based on this information, what can you conclude? I.There is an abnormal excess of unmeasured anions in the plasma. II.The patient probably has metabolic acidosis. III.The concentration of fixed acids is increased.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Acid-Base Balance

In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? I.decreased pH II.increased HCO3- III.increased PCO2 IV.increased pH

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which buffer system has the greatest capacity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H+ ions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the primary buffer system for fixed acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When does a state of alkalemia exist? I.The HCO3-/CO2 ratio exceeds 20:1 II.The blood pH exceeds 7.45. III.The blood PCO2 exceeds 54 mm Hg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a bicarbonate concentration of 36 mEq and a PCO2 of 60 mm Hg. What is the approximate pH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following systems is primarily responsible for the buffering of fixed acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

[H+] can be determined by the use of which factors? I.HCO3- II.H2CO3 III.inorganic phosphorus IV.PaO2

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a confirmed metabolic acidosis with a normal PCO2. What inference can you draw from these findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Causes of respiratory acidosis in patients with normal lungs include which of the following? I.neuromuscular disorders II.spinal cord trauma III.anesthesia IV.central nervous system depression

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of what use is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a clinician?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO2 = 32 mm Hg, HCO3- = 29 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What affect does hyperventilation have on the closed buffer systems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor would limit the ability of the H2CO3/HCO3- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO2 = 24 mm Hg, HCO3- = 4.7 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has an anion gap of 21 mEq/L. Based on this information, what can you conclude? I.There is an abnormal excess of unmeasured anions in the plasma. II.The patient probably has metabolic acidosis. III.The concentration of fixed acids is increased.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the face of uncompensated respiratory acidosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? I.decreased pH II.increased HCO₃^- III.increased PCO₂ IV.increased pH

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H⁺ ions?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When does a state of alkalemia exist? I.The HCO₃^-/CO₂ ratio exceeds 20:1 II.The blood pH exceeds 7.45. III.The blood PCO₂ exceeds 54 mm Hg.

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has a bicarbonate concentration of 36 mEq and a PCO₂ of 60 mm Hg. What is the approximate pH?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

[H⁺] can be determined by the use of which factors? I.HCO₃^- II.H₂CO₃ III.inorganic phosphorus IV.PaO₂

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has a confirmed metabolic acidosis with a normal PCO₂. What inference can you draw from these findings?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.62, PCO₂ = 32 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 29 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What factor would limit the ability of the H₂CO₃/HCO₃^- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 6.89, PCO₂ = 24 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 4.7 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified