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Exam 12: Moral,legal,and Aesthetic Reasoning

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Question 21

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State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. Kelly did the right thing when he turned in the wallet he found.

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Question 22

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In the following,discuss whether Marina is treating relevantly similar cases in sufficiently similar fashions;identify instances in which the cases are not relevantly similar. Marina's automobile is a large,gas-guzzling,luxury car,but in some circumstances (such as cocktail parties when she is among strangers),she will make it a point to criticize people who drive such cars.

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This is not a case of treating...

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Question 23

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Identify the moral perspective at work here: At the supermarket,Vickie just ran her cart into a display of jars with jams and preserves,and now the aisle is full of broken glass and jam.She feels like leaving the store as quickly as possible.Is that an acceptable course of action? No,it isn't,because she has caused product loss that necessitates more work for the employee.So the least she can do is report what she has done and pay for damages.

The application of stare decisis always involves analogical argument.

State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. It's no surprise that they've stopped seeing each other.

In the following,discuss whether Marina is treating relevantly similar cases in sufficiently similar fashions;identify instances in which the cases are not relevantly similar. Marina criticizes her brother for expressing racist views but does not criticize Mr.Durban,a business associate,who holds similar views.

Evaluate the issue of human cloning from the viewpoint of a deontologist (duty theorist).

State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. Everybody has a legal right to an education.

Identify the moral perspective at work here: At the supermarket,Vickie just ran her cart into a display of jars with jams and preserves,and now the aisle is full of broken glass and jam.She feels like leaving the store as quickly as possible.Is that an acceptable course of action? No,it isn't;that would be treating the store employees like stepping-stones,as though they were put on this earth just to clean up after Vickie.

For the following,try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument.Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and,sometimes,an extra nonmoral claim as well.The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim. In 1965,there were 47,000 road fatalities in the United States.By 1984,there were only 44,250 fatalities,but that is still far too many.The reductions between 1965 and 1984 were due primarily to federal requirements for motor vehicle safety.So,even stricter federal safety controls should be required.

For the following,try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument.Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and,sometimes,an extra nonmoral claim as well.The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim. "You shouldn't have criticized David so harshly;his mistake was a trivial one."

State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. It is not in the best interests of the United States to intervene in local wars outside U.S.territory.

For the following,try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument.Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and,sometimes,an extra nonmoral claim as well.The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim. Knowing how to think critically may help save someone's life some day,so you ought to develop your ability to do so.

State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. The regime in China is harshly repressive.

For the following,try to come up with an additional premise that will turn the passage into a deductively valid or an inductively strong argument.Usually this requires adding a general moral principle and,sometimes,an extra nonmoral claim as well.The idea is to guarantee that the "ought" claim follows from the "is" claim. Mr.Thomas ought to treat his pets better.He feeds them so little that they look like they're starving to death.

Read the selection entitled,"Bonnie and Clyde," in the back of the book.Write an essay to determine whether it is consistent to give Bonnie and Clyde different punishments for their deeds.

State whether the following item expresses moral value or nonmoral value;or no value at all. Jake will pay Mrs.Sly the money he owes,if he knows what's good for him.

In the following,discuss whether Marina is treating relevantly similar cases in sufficiently similar fashions;identify instances in which the cases are not relevantly similar. Although she doesn't believe in stealing,Marina uses the office copy machine for personal business and makes person-to-person long-distance calls to fictitious persons as a code to avoid paying for the calls.

Answer the question in the following paragraph from one of the perspectives described in the text. Lisa's algebra class has a quiz every other Friday.This is the third time she's been so worried about other matters that she hasn't done quite as well on the quiz as she might have otherwise.What has her upset is the fact that the instructor leaves the room while the students take the quiz,and over half the class is taking the opportunity to cheat.She knows and likes several of the other students in the class,and some of the ones she likes are among those who are cheating.Lisa knows that (a)a failure to speak to the teacher about the cheating will result in her own grade being lower,since the teacher grades in part on the curve.But (b)she will be doing her friends and the others a great harm,since cheating is taken very seriously at the school.If she doesn't "turn in" her classmates, (c)the only other alternative to getting a worse grade than she deserves is to begin cheating herself,something she's never done.What should she do?

State whether the reason given here is relevant according to any one of the aesthetic principles;and if it is relevant,identify the principle that makes it so. Ruben's nudes are a terrific advertisement for Weightwatchers.