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What type of hemoglobin cannot bind to 2,3-DPG and thus has a higher affinity for oxygen?


A) hemoglobin F
B) hemoglobin A
C) hemoglobin B
D) hemoglobin G

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood


A) is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
B) increases at higher altitudes.
C) is described primarily by Boyle's law.
D) All of the choices are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as


A) dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood.
B) bicarbonate ion.
C) carbaminohemoglobin.
D) carboxyhemoglobin.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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What instrument is used to measure the percent oxyhemoglobin saturation of the blood?


A) sphygmomanometer
B) spirometer
C) pulse oximeter
D) stethoscope

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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What type of receptors in the wall of the larynx,along with rapidly adapting receptors in the lungs,cause a person to cough in response to components of smoke and smog?


A) aortic bodies
B) pulmonary stretch receptors
C) medullary chemoreceptors
D) irritant receptors

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Cessation of breathing is known as


A) apneA.
B) dyspnea.
C) eupnea.
D) pneumothorax.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A

Myoglobin binds to more oxygen molecules than hemoglobin.

A) True
B) False

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Hemoglobin F


A) has a lower affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin A.
B) contains two alpha and two gamma chains.
C) binds large amounts of 2,3-DPG.
D) is increased in sickle-cell anemia.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the


A) erectus abdominis.
B) scalenes.
C) internal intercostals.
D) parasternal intercostals.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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B

Carbon monoxide is lethal because it


A) reduces CO2 and slows breathing.
B) increases CO2 and causes seizures.
C) binds hemoglobin preventing oxygen binding.
D) increases oxygen unloading at the cells.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels?


A) hypocapnia
B) hypercapnia
C) hypoxia
D) hypoxemia

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?


A) decreased pH,decreased temperature,or decreased 2,3-DPG
B) decreased pH,increased temperature,or increased 2,3-DPG
C) increased pH,increased temperature,or decreased 2,3-DPG
D) increased pH,decreased temperature,or increased 2,3-DPG

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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The production of hemoglobin and red blood cells in bone marrow is controlled by a hormone called thymopoietin.

A) True
B) False

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False

From the following lab data,predict whether the patient has

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1.acidosis or alkalosis
2.resp...

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Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of


A) type II alveolar cells.
B) type I alveolar cells.
C) alveolar macrophages.
D) None of the choices are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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A family of hemoglobin diseases found primarily in people of Mediterranean ancestry is


A) thalassemiA.
B) sickle-cell anemia.
C) myoglobinemia.
D) leukemia.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the


A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) phrenic nerve.
C) vagus nerve.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?


A) gas exchange
B) filtering and cleaning the air
C) warming and humidifying the air
D) All of the choices are functions.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by


A) smoking.
B) allergic reactions.
C) breathing in coal dust.
D) increased mucus production.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The direct role of blood oxygen levels in controlling respiration is called


A) hypoxic drive.
B) hypocapnia.
C) oxygen perfusion.
D) acidosis.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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