Question 1

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule.
B)  metachromatic granules.
C)  exotoxin.
D)  endospores.
E)  endotoxin.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Which of the following is/are the main causative agent/s of pharyngitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes
B)  Aspergillus fumigatus
C)  viruses
D)  Both Aspergillus fumigatus and viruses are correct.
E)  Both Streptococcus pyogenes and viruses are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients:

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans
B)  Candida albicans
C)  Malassezia furfur
D)  Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveciE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Your patient has pneumonia.Since there are so many microorganisms causing pneumonia,what might be the best test to do first for identification of the agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  an antibody test
B)  a culture from a lung aspirate
C)  a skin test
D)  a Gram stain of a saliva specimenE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli
B)  bronchi
C)  bronchioles
D)  trachea
E)  sinusesF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Accepted Answer

A)  causes high fever,pneumonia,and respiratory distress.
B)  began with an initial outbreak in the United States and then spread to Canada and China.
C)  is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
D)  is classified as an opportunistic infection.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils.
B)  basophils.
C)  mononuclear cells.
D)  polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
E)  antibodies.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The causative organism of whooping cough is

Accepted Answer

A)  Bordetella pertussis.
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)  Haemophilus influenzae.
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes.
E)  Cornyebacterium diphtheriae.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

Rheumatic fever is caused by a(n) _____ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary streptococcal
B)  primary viral
C)  opportunistic streptococcal
D)  endogenousE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The most common causative agent in fungal sinusitis is

Accepted Answer

A)  Aspergillus fumigatus.
B)  Haemophilus influenzae.
C)  Candida albicans.
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza.
B)  rhinitis.
C)  legionella.
D)  diphtheria.
E)  SARS.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics,although there is a lot of push-back or pressure against doing this.Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  No other kinds of drugs and antibiotics can kill the bacteria causing otitis media other than the broad-spectrum class of drugs.
B)  The narrow-spectrum drugs are very toxic as opposed to the rather benign broad-spectrum ones.
C)  Otitis media is often caused by a variety of bacteria growing together in a biofilm,and the bacteria often exhibit different susceptibilities to drugs.
D)  Fungi are the most common cause of otitis media,and the fungi do not respond well to the narrow-spectrum drugs.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  scarlet fever.
B)  otitis media.
C)  rheumatic fever.
D)  glomerulonephritis.
E)  scarlatina.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen grows inside macrophages
B)  transmitted by inhalation of spores
C)  respiratory infections range from mild to severe
D)  chronic cases have symptoms similar to tuberculosis
E)  never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tractF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)  young children and immunosuppressed patients.
B)  the elderly.
C)  organ transplant patients.
D)  AIDS patients.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Accepted Answer

A)  is a bacterium.
B)  lacks ergosterol in its plasma membrane.
C)  is an obligate parasite.
D)  causes serious infection in the elderly,premature infants,and AIDS patients.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

Accepted Answer

A)  All species are human pathogens.
B)  Cell walls have waxy lipids.
C)  It is an acid-fast bacterium.
D)  It exhibits a very slow growth rate.
E)  Cells appear as long,slender rods via microscopy.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Influenza vaccines include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated,intramuscular vaccine.
B)  usually incorporates three different strains.
C)  attenuated,nasal drops vaccine.
D)  provides lifelong immunity.
E)  has an overall effectiveness of 70% - 90%.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Your patient has pneumonia.Since there are so many microorganisms causing pneumonia,what might be the best test to do first for identification of the agent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

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Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

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Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

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Influenza vaccines include all of the following except

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

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The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rheumatic fever is caused by a(n) _____ infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The causative organism of whooping cough is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common causative agent in fungal sinusitis is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are the main causative agent/s of pharyngitis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics,although there is a lot of push-back or pressure against doing this.Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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