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Perceptual defence causes us to:


A) defend the solutions we propose.
B) defend those who agree with us when we identify a problem.
C) defend the perception we have after making a decision.
D) block out bad news or information that threatens our self-concept.
E) justify our actions to defend our position.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Prospect theory and self-justification are the main causes of satisficing.

A) True
B) False

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Bounded rationality adopts the main assumptions of the rational choice paradigm of decision making.

A) True
B) False

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Employee involvement potentially improves decision-making quality and commitment.

A) True
B) False

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People who are creative thinkers:


A) are generally less creative than people with an analytic thinking style.
B) have a strong tendency to follow fixed patterns of behaviour.
C) are persistent.
D) prefer spending their time improving existing things rather than creating new things.
E) are all of the above.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Morphological analysis is a test to identify people with a creative personality.

A) True
B) False

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Escalation of commitment can be minimized by ensuring that:


A) there are ready-made alternatives to resolve the problem.
B) those who choose the decision are different from those who implement and evaluate it.
C) the team leader has strong opinions about the preferred options.
D) organizational goals are relatively ambiguous.
E) the person who makes the decision is also responsible for terminating the project.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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human limitations or problems that might make it difficult for Switched Enterprises executives to choose the best alternative.

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The textbook identifies six problems or ...

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The most accurate view of intuition is that it:


A) is a trait that people acquire mainly through heredity.
B) is more likely to be found in men than women.
C) is acquired more quickly by people whose careers span several unrelated industries.
D) is the ability to know when a problem or opportunity exists and select the best course of action without conscious reasoning.
E) does not really exist.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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The first stage of the creative process is:


A) divergent thinking
B) preparation
C) experimentation
D) insight
E) intuition

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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When in a positive mood,people pay more attention to details and follow a nonprogrammed decision routine.

A) True
B) False

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Our mental models of the world can prevent us from recognizing emerging problems in the workplace.

A) True
B) False

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A higher rather than lower level of employee involvement is preferable when:


A) management and employees possess the same information regarding the problem.
B) the problem relates to a nonprogrammed decision.
C) employees goals and norms conflict with the organization's objectives.
D) employees are likely to disagree with each other regarding the preferred solution.
E) all of these conditions exist.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Employee involvement tends to weaken synergy in the decision-making process.

A) True
B) False

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Creativity occurs only in a few types of decisions.

A) True
B) False

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During a meeting,senior executives of a consumer products company tackled the problem that they were late in detecting several consumer trends,such as the trend towards using see-through plastics in kitchenware.While trying to determine the source of this problem,one executive said: "The main problem here is that we need to find a better industrial design firm to design our products." Which of the following best describes the decision-making problem that this executive is exhibiting?


A) The executive is engaging in escalation of commitment.
B) The executive is being too creative.
C) The executive is acting as a devil's advocate when the situation calls for consensus.
D) The executive is engaging in groupthink.
E) The executive is defining the problem in terms of a solution.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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People tend to be more creative when:


A) they have a reasonable level of job security.
B) they are secluded from colleagues in other areas of the organization.
C) they risk losing their job if their ideas fail.
D) they lack personal freedom to try things out.
E) they have all of these conditions.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Ill-defined problems require a non-programmed decision process.

A) True
B) False

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When making important decisions,emotional marker guide our preference among the decision alternatives.

A) True
B) False

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Art classes and improvisational theatre are two creative activities of associative play.

A) True
B) False

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