Question 1

According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is most important to a woman? That her mate is

Accepted Answer

A)  physically attractive.
B)  emotionally faithful.
C)  conscientious.
D)  sexually faithful.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Cross-cultural studies of jealousy have found

Accepted Answer

A)  jealousy is more pronounced in Western cultures than in Asian cultures.
B)  the double-shot hypothesis shows cross cultural consistency.
C)  women in Asian cultures are more upset by sexual infidelity than men.
D)  there is strong evidence for universal sex differences in jealousy across cultures.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

If we successfully selected our mates based on our food preferences the mechanism of _____ would NOT be functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive complexity
B)  domain specificity
C)  species typicality
D)  prototypicalityE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

From an evolutionary perspective, women will most generally prefer males who

Accepted Answer

A)  are extremely attractive, even if they are not wealthy.
B)  accrue resources and invest them in a particular woman.
C)  are assertive and aggressive towards other males.
D)  have large-sized sexual cells (gametes) .E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Research on altruism has found that younger individuals are helped _____ than 45-year-old relatives and older individuals are helped _____ than 45-year-old relatives in everyday tasks.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; less
B)  more; less
C)  more; more
D)  less; moreE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Darwin proposed the theory of sexual selection to account for

Accepted Answer

A)  how organisms respond to the hostile forces of nature.
B)  genetic diversity.
C)  traits that seem to impede survival.
D)  Freudian theory.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Characteristics such as the shape of the human earlobe are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  auxiliary adaptations.
B)  random variations.
C)  evolutionary byproducts.
D)  functional adaptations.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Evolutionary theory predicts sex differences in jealousy due to

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual dimorphism.
B)  effective polygyny.
C)  paternal uncertainty.
D)  intrasexual competition.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

According to the inclusive fitness theory, the probability that you will help people depends most on

Accepted Answer

A)  whether or not they are wealthy.
B)  how genetically related they are to you.
C)  whether or not they are physically attractive.
D)  whether or not they are potential mates.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

We are all the products of a long line of ancestors that successfully _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved to near perfection; were physically fit
B)  survived to old age; were strong
C)  left a long list of ancestors; mate guarded
D)  survived to reproductive age; reproducedE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The incidental effects produced by adaptations are called

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary byproducts.
B)  random variations.
C)  domain specific adaptations.
D)  functional adaptations.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Some women prefer mates who will invest in their offspring, while other women prefer mates with good genes.This suggests

Accepted Answer

A)  an environmental effect that influences personality.
B)  an adaptive self-assessment.
C)  frequency-dependent selection strategies.
D)  sex differences in jealousy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Harry is very loyal to his old army unit.They have reunions and regularly keep in touch with each other.Membership in Harry's army unit most likely has elicited _____ in that group of war veterans.

Accepted Answer

A)  a strong need to belong
B)  strong memory biases
C)  strong altruistic tendencies
D)  strong militaristic bondsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Research showing that group cohesion increases when resources or survival depend on group membership help support the idea

Accepted Answer

A)  of sexual selection.
B)  that humans have a need to belong.
C)  of survival selection.
D)  that humans have evolved universal emotions.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Women who pursue an unrestricted mating strategy prefer men _____ than women who pursue a restricted mating strategy.

Accepted Answer

A)  who will invest significantly more in their children
B)  who are significantly more physically attractive
C)  who have a much better set of personality traits
D)  who will make strong commitments to their relationshipE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

An explanation for individual differences in behavior from an evolutionary perspective is that

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences are genetic errors across individuals.
B)  they are the result of environmental differences that affect species-typical mechanisms.
C)  they are the result of differential intersexual selection in the environment.
D)  they are random variations in species-typical psychological mechanisms.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Food shortages, disease, and extreme weather are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptations.
B)  domain specificity.
C)  byproducts of adaptation.
D)  hostile forces of nature.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Research suggests that in a famine situation, _____ are most likely to receive help.

Accepted Answer

A)  infants
B)  older children
C)  adults
D)  elderly adultsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The "structural powerless hypothesis" states that

Accepted Answer

A)  men prefer women that have fewer resources then they do so that can structure the relationship to make the women powerless.
B)  women value men with resources as they are shut out of the capacity to acquire their own resources.
C)  low status men will be shut out of the mating pool by males with high status and great resources.
D)  women are attracted to men that they can manipulate to be powerless over them.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Competition that tends to be very intense among individuals using the same strategy may lead to the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive self-assessments.
B)  frequency-dependent alternative strategies.
C)  double-shot hypotheses.
D)  variant competitive strategies.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality

Research showing that group cohesion increases when resources or survival depend on group membership help support the idea

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Research on altruism has found that younger individuals are helped _____ than 45-year-old relatives and older individuals are helped _____ than 45-year-old relatives in everyday tasks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Harry is very loyal to his old army unit.They have reunions and regularly keep in touch with each other.Membership in Harry's army unit most likely has elicited _____ in that group of war veterans.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are all the products of a long line of ancestors that successfully _____ and _____.

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An explanation for individual differences in behavior from an evolutionary perspective is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Competition that tends to be very intense among individuals using the same strategy may lead to the development of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "structural powerless hypothesis" states that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that in a famine situation, _____ are most likely to receive help.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some women prefer mates who will invest in their offspring, while other women prefer mates with good genes.This suggests

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Food shortages, disease, and extreme weather are all examples of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From an evolutionary perspective, women will most generally prefer males who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darwin proposed the theory of sexual selection to account for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characteristics such as the shape of the human earlobe are most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolutionary theory predicts sex differences in jealousy due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The incidental effects produced by adaptations are called

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According to the inclusive fitness theory, the probability that you will help people depends most on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women who pursue an unrestricted mating strategy prefer men _____ than women who pursue a restricted mating strategy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we successfully selected our mates based on our food preferences the mechanism of _____ would NOT be functioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is most important to a woman? That her mate is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural studies of jealousy have found

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Research on altruism has found that younger individuals are helped _ than 45-year-old relatives and older individuals are helped _ than 45-year-old relatives in everyday tasks.

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We are all the products of a long line of ancestors that successfully _ and _.

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