Question 1

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception.

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory conjunctions
B)   context
C)   naming association
D)   attentionE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object.Choosing the target object will result in a reward.What sort of task is Amhad doing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Landmark discrimination problem
B)   Dissociation task
C)   Greeble recognition task
D)   Object discrimination problemE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

When a double dissociation occurs, this indicates that two functions

Accepted Answer

A)   are absent.
B)   involve the same mechanism.
C)   are present.
D)   involve different mechanisms.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands.You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together.The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth.You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

Accepted Answer

A)   simplicity.
B)   similarity.
C)   pragnanz.
D)   familiarity.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

The perception pathway corresponds to the pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)   where; what
B)   what where
C)   size; distance
D)   distance; sizeE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

Accepted Answer

A)   principle of size constancy.
B)   oblique effect.
C)   law of pragnanz.
D)   law of good continuation.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Speech segmentation is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   creating a sentence from a series of spoken words.
B)   ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence.
C)   organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.
D)   recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 8

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _______ response to faces and an _________ response to Greebles.

Accepted Answer

A)   unvaried; unvaried
B)   decreased; increased
C)   unvaried; increased
D)   increased; increasedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   We must understand the basic components of perception.
B)   We need to identify the number of geons needed for object recognition.
C)   We want to understand how elements are grouped together to create larger objects.
D)   We need to identify the neurons that create perception.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D) B

Question 10

When people look at a tree, they receive information about the geons of that object through stimulation of receptors.But they are also aided in identifying the object as a tree by knowledge that a tree often has the sky as a background and sits on grass.This prior knowledge travels down from higher centers to influence the incoming signals.The latter information from the higher centers illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   feedback signals.
B)   principles of componential recovery.
C)   the law of good figure.
D)   the oblique effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropsychology.
B)   functional localization.
C)   positron emission tomography.
D)   the subtraction technique.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 12

The theory of unconscious inference includes the

Accepted Answer

A)   oblique effect.
B)   likelihood principle.
C)   principle of componential recovery.
D)   principle of speech segmentation.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

A difference between a heuristic and an algorithm is

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics usually take longer to carry out than algorithms.
B)   algorithms are usually less systematic than heuristics.
C)   heuristics do not result in a correct solution every time as algorithms do.
D)   algorithms provide "best-guess" solutions to problems more so than heuristics.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

"Perceiving machines" are used by the U.S.Postal service to "read" the addresses on letters and sort them quickly to their correct destinations.Sometimes, these machines cannot read an address, because the writing on the envelope is not sufficiently clear for the machine to match the writing to an example it has stored in memory.Human postal workers are much more successful at reading unclear addresses, most likely because of

Accepted Answer

A)   bottom-up processing.
B)   top-down processing.
C)   their in-depth understanding of principles of perception.
D)   repeated practice at the task.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Assume you are presented with the following problem: "How many four-letter English words can be created using only the letters A, E, M, N, R, S, T?" Describe both an algorithmic approach and a heuristic approach for finding the solution to this problem.Explain how your two approaches would differ in terms of success rate and speed of obtaining an accurate solution.

Accepted Answer

Algorithmic Approach:
One algorithmic approach to solving this problem would be to use a recursive function to generate all possible combinations of four letters from the given set of letters A, E, M, N, R, S, T. The function would start with an empty string and then for each letter in the given set, it would append the letter to the string and call itself with the updated string and the remaining letters. This process would continue until the string has a length of four, at which point it would be added to a list of valid words. Finally, the algorithm would return the length of the list of valid words.

Heuristic Approach:
A heuristic approach to solving this problem would be to first recognize that there are 7 choices for the first letter, 6 choices for the second letter, 5 choices for the third letter, and 4 choices for the fourth letter. Therefore, the total number of four-letter words that can be created is 7 * 6 * 5 * 4 = 840.

Difference in Success Rate and Speed:
The algorithmic approach would have a higher success rate in obtaining an accurate solution because it systematically generates all possible combinations and ensures that no valid words are missed. However, it would be slower in terms of obtaining the solution due to the recursive nature of the algorithm and the need to generate and store all possible combinations.

On the other hand, the heuristic approach is faster in obtaining a solution as it quickly calculates the total number of possibilities. However, it may not be as accurate as the algorithmic approach because it assumes all combinations are valid words, which may not be the case.

Question 16

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   brain ablation.
B)   dissociation.
C)   fMRI.
D)   EEG.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The example of how we might perceive something that looks like an animal hiding behind a tree in the woods was used to illustrate the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   the Gestalt law of organization.
C)   an algorithm.
D)   both heuristics and the Gestalt law of organization.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

A heuristic is a

Accepted Answer

A)   "rule of thumb" that provides a best-guess solution to a problem.
B)   procedure that is guaranteed to solve a problem.
C)   series of rules that specify how we organize parts into wholes.
D)   short algorithm.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   what pathway.
B)   where pathway.
C)   landmark pathway.
D)   action pathway.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your 	 lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal
B)   temporal
C)   parietal
D)   occipitalE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 3: Perception

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception.

Correct Answer
verified

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object.Choosing the target object will result in a reward.What sort of task is Amhad doing?

Correct Answer
verified

When a double dissociation occurs, this indicates that two functions

Correct Answer
verified

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands.You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together.The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth.You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

Correct Answer
verified

The perception pathway corresponds to the pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the pathway.

Correct Answer
verified

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

Correct Answer
verified

Speech segmentation is defined as

Correct Answer
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C

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _ response to faces and an ___ response to Greebles.

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists?

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called

Correct Answer
verified

The theory of unconscious inference includes the

Correct Answer
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A difference between a heuristic and an algorithm is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as

Correct Answer
verified

The example of how we might perceive something that looks like an animal hiding behind a tree in the woods was used to illustrate the operation of

Correct Answer
verified

A heuristic is a

Correct Answer
verified

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the

Correct Answer
verified

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your lobe.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: Perception

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object.Choosing the target object will result in a reward.What sort of task is Amhad doing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a double dissociation occurs, this indicates that two functions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands.You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together.The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth.You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The perception pathway corresponds to the pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Speech segmentation is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _______ response to faces and an _________ response to Greebles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory of unconscious inference includes the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A difference between a heuristic and an algorithm is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experimental technique that involves removing part of the brain is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The example of how we might perceive something that looks like an animal hiding behind a tree in the woods was used to illustrate the operation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A heuristic is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your lobe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _ response to faces and an ___ response to Greebles.

Correct Answer
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B

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