Question 1

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis.
B)  complement activation.
C)  antibody production.
D)  releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

An intraepidermal lymphocyte migrates to a lymph node and matures into a dendritic cell after phagocytosis of an antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

During phagocytosis,signs and symptoms of illness peak following phagolysosome formation if the pathogen is Gram-positive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why is innate host resistance a type of nonspecific immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Innate resistance is nonspecific because any foreign material,microorganisms,or antigens encountered by the host are targeted.
B)  Innate resistance is nonspecific because any type of immune response,such as inflammation,phagocytosis,or humoral immunity,is activated in the host by foreign material.
C)  Innate resistance is nonspecific because it is impossible to determine the specific degree by which any host will respond when foreign material or microorganisms are present.
D)  Innate resistance is nonspecific because it depends on the life experience of the individual,for example,receiving a vaccine or acquiring a disease due to a particular pathogen.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Lactobacillus contributes to the antimicrobial defenses for the adult female reproductive tract by making lactic acid to lower the pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following types of leukocytes is typically elevated in cases of bacterial,rather than viral or helminthic,infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutrophils
B)  Basophils
C)  Monocytes
D)  EosinophilsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation
B)  Phagocytosis
C)  Fever
D)  Mucous membranesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Dendritic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  play an important role in the development of allergies and hypersensitivity.
B)  contain granules with histamine and other pharmacologically active substances that contribute to the inflammatory response.
C)  are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in nonspecific resistance.
D)  are mainly important in the defense against protozoan and helminth parasites.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin
B)  Fever
C)  Gastric acid
D)  Normal microbiotaE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The lungs are protected from microorganisms by

Accepted Answer

A)  the mucociliary blanket.
B)  lysozyme in mucus.
C)  phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages.
D)  All of the choices are correct.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Which is the correct order of protein mediators that are produced during an acute inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selectins,integrins,chemotaxins,kallikreins
B)  Kallikreins,chemotaxins,integrins,selectins
C)  Chemotaxins,selectins,kallikreins,integrins
D)  Integrins,kallikreins,selectins,chemotaxinsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which is the correct order of events during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasodilation,margination,diapedesis,phagocytosis
B)  Phagocytosis,margination,diapedesis,vasodilation
C)  Diapedesis,vasodilation,phagocytosis,margination
D)  Margination,vasodilation,diapedesis,phagocytosisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

How does the action of exocytosis by dendritic cells and macrophages differ from that of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily act as antigen-presenting cells,whereas neutrophils primarily release microbial fragments.
B)  Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release microbial fragments,whereas neutrophils primarily act as antigen-presenting cells.
C)  Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release products of autophagy,whereas neutrophils primarily release products of any cellular origin.
D)  Dendritic cells and macrophages primarily release products of any cellular origin,whereas neutrophils primarily release products of autophagy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

During phagocytosis,the phagolysosome forms before the phagosome forms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The inhalation of cigarette smoke and similar pollutants has a gradual effect on cilia lining the respiratory tract,first causing the beating to slow and eventually stop.How does this change in cilia most directly impact the resistance mechanisms of the host?

Accepted Answer

A)  Innate host immunity due to mechanical barrier protection would be lost
B)  Acquired immunity due to antibody response would be lost
C)  Both acquired and nonspecific immunity would be lost
D)  Neither acquired nor nonspecific immunity would be lostE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies.
B)  antigens.
C)  infective agents.
D)  inducers.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Defensins act against bacteria and fungi by permeabilizing cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping bloodborne microorganisms and antigens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a large organ in...

Question 19

In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where B cells undergo maturation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where...

Question 20

Under normal circumstances,which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidneys
B)  Ureters
C)  Urinary bladder
D)  All of the choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 33: Innate Host Resistance

Which is the correct order of events during the inflammatory response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During phagocytosis,the phagolysosome forms before the phagosome forms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping bloodborne microorganisms and antigens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lactobacillus contributes to the antimicrobial defenses for the adult female reproductive tract by making lactic acid to lower the pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the action of exocytosis by dendritic cells and macrophages differ from that of neutrophils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of leukocytes is typically elevated in cases of bacterial,rather than viral or helminthic,infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the correct order of protein mediators that are produced during an acute inflammatory response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lungs are protected from microorganisms by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In birds,the __________ of Fabricius is where B cells undergo maturation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is innate host resistance a type of nonspecific immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intraepidermal lymphocyte migrates to a lymph node and matures into a dendritic cell after phagocytosis of an antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inhalation of cigarette smoke and similar pollutants has a gradual effect on cilia lining the respiratory tract,first causing the beating to slow and eventually stop.How does this change in cilia most directly impact the resistance mechanisms of the host?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under normal circumstances,which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dendritic cells

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During phagocytosis,signs and symptoms of illness peak following phagolysosome formation if the pathogen is Gram-positive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defensins act against bacteria and fungi by permeabilizing cell membranes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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