Question 1

People who score high on hostility:

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually violent and aggressive.
B)  are violent and aggressive when dealing with submissive people.
C)  react to frustration with disagreeable behavior.
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop in persons who have _____ life-threatening events.

Accepted Answer

A)  experienced
B)  witnessed
C)  imagined
D)  experienced or witnessedE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

James Pennebaker has suggested that keeping negative events secret:

Accepted Answer

A)  helps maintain self-esteem.
B)  requires physical energy.
C)  is associated with good health.
D)  helps maintain self-esteem and is associated with good health.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Optimism in general has been shown to predict good health as measured by:

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reports.
B)  ratings of general health made by physicians.
C)  the number of visits to a doctor.
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Self-efficacy is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that one can do the behaviors necessary to achieve a desired outcome.
B)  a belief that includes making attributions that are unstable,temporary,and global.
C)  the expectation that good events will be plentiful and bad events will be rare in the future.
D)  a stage in which a person has higher-than-average self-esteem.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

In the context of optimism and physical well-being,Peterson and colleagues found that the real difference between optimists and pessimists,in terms of the causes of death,was in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the severity of microbial infections
B)  deaths due to cancer
C)  deaths due to heart diseases
D)  the frequency of accidentsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In a study conducted by James Gross and Robert Levenson,it was found that participants who were instructed to suppress their emotions:

Accepted Answer

A)  showed less outward expression.
B)  showed more outward expression.
C)  showed decreased physiological activity.
D)  showed less outward expression and decreased physiological activity.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true about the transactional model?

Accepted Answer

A)  It suggests that personality can influence the degree to which a person labels bodily sensations as illnesses.
B)  It holds that personality and illness are both expressions of an underlying predisposition.
C)  It suggests that personality can influence how a person appraises or interprets events.
D)  It holds that personality influences the degree to which a person engages in various health-promoting behaviors.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following models of the personality-illness connection focuses on the trait of conscientiousness that appears to indirectly influence the relationship between stress and illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  The health behavior model
B)  The interactional model
C)  The transactional model
D)  The illness behavior modelE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following is most likely to be a stressful life event?

Accepted Answer

A)  Awaiting Christmas
B)  Buying a new car
C)  Getting married
D)  Changing residenceE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

In the United States,researchers suggest that health behavior deficits contribute to more than _____ of all premature deaths.

Accepted Answer

A)  a quarter
B)  30 percent
C)  half
D)  90 percentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Pausing and reflecting on something positive,such as a compliment received,a pleasing or humorous memory,or a sunset,in stressful situations are all examples of a positive coping mechanism called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  problem-focused coping
B)  positive reappraisal
C)  creating positive events
D)  disclosureE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

_____ refers to the effects of stress that add up and accumulate in a person over time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Additive effects
B)  Stress accumulation
C)  Longitudinal buildup
D)  Stress accrualE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

An early model of the personality health relationship is called the interactional model because:

Accepted Answer

A)  personality and illness are both expected to be expressions of an underlying predisposition.
B)  personality is assumed to influence the relationship between stress and illness.
C)  personality is assumed to influence how a person appraises or interprets events.
D)  personality is expected to affect health indirectly through health-promoting behaviors.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants are shown a set of 14 black and white ambiguous pictures and are asked to write a short story about each picture.
B)  Researchers are allowed to study participants who are not willing to participate in typical research.
C)  Researchers present a set of 10 stories to participants and ask them to select the ones that sound most true to them.
D)  Participants discreetly share material containing causal explanations with their therapists and take precaution not to make the material public.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

In a study-in which a random group of college students was asked to recall and write about an experience that they found distressing and another random group was asked to write about a trivial topic,and both these groups were contacted again after six months-it was found that college students who wrote about trauma:

Accepted Answer

A)  visited the campus health center less.
B)  visited the campus health center more.
C)  found the task more enjoyable.
D)  re-experienced the traumatic event.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

_____ is a dispositional way of explaining the causes of bad events.

Accepted Answer

A)  Defensive pessimism
B)  Attributional style
C)  Problem-focused coping
D)  Negative-event interpretationE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Who among the following is a pioneer in stress research and coined the term general adaptation syndrome (GAS) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  R.H.Rahe
B)  Richard Lazarus
C)  T.H.Holmes
D)  Hans SelyeE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Positive emotions are thought to help with stress by:

Accepted Answer

A)  broadening the scope of attention.
B)  helping people build up reserves of energy.
C)  helping people build social support networks.
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

A person with a pessimistic explanatory style makes _____ explanations for bad events.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal
B)  global
C)  temporary
D)  internal and globalE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 18: Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Which of the following is a feature of the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) technique?

Correct Answer
verified

In the United States,researchers suggest that health behavior deficits contribute to more than _____ of all premature deaths.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ refers to the effects of stress that add up and accumulate in a person over time.

Correct Answer
verified

Who among the following is a pioneer in stress research and coined the term general adaptation syndrome (GAS) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is true about the transactional model?

Correct Answer
verified

In a study conducted by James Gross and Robert Levenson,it was found that participants who were instructed to suppress their emotions:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following models of the personality-illness connection focuses on the trait of conscientiousness that appears to indirectly influence the relationship between stress and illness?

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is a dispositional way of explaining the causes of bad events.

Correct Answer
verified

Optimism in general has been shown to predict good health as measured by:

Correct Answer
verified

A person with a pessimistic explanatory style makes _____ explanations for bad events.

Correct Answer
verified

Pausing and reflecting on something positive,such as a compliment received,a pleasing or humorous memory,or a sunset,in stressful situations are all examples of a positive coping mechanism called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Positive emotions are thought to help with stress by:

Correct Answer
verified

James Pennebaker has suggested that keeping negative events secret:

Correct Answer
verified

An early model of the personality health relationship is called the interactional model because:

Correct Answer
verified

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop in persons who have _____ life-threatening events.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of optimism and physical well-being,Peterson and colleagues found that the real difference between optimists and pessimists,in terms of the causes of death,was in _____.

Correct Answer
verified

People who score high on hostility:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most likely to be a stressful life event?

Correct Answer
verified

Self-efficacy is defined as:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 18: Stress,Coping,Adjustment,and Health

Which of the following is a feature of the Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations (CAVE) technique?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States,researchers suggest that health behavior deficits contribute to more than _____ of all premature deaths.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the effects of stress that add up and accumulate in a person over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who among the following is a pioneer in stress research and coined the term general adaptation syndrome (GAS) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about the transactional model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study conducted by James Gross and Robert Levenson,it was found that participants who were instructed to suppress their emotions:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following models of the personality-illness connection focuses on the trait of conscientiousness that appears to indirectly influence the relationship between stress and illness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is a dispositional way of explaining the causes of bad events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Optimism in general has been shown to predict good health as measured by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person with a pessimistic explanatory style makes _____ explanations for bad events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pausing and reflecting on something positive,such as a compliment received,a pleasing or humorous memory,or a sunset,in stressful situations are all examples of a positive coping mechanism called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive emotions are thought to help with stress by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

James Pennebaker has suggested that keeping negative events secret:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An early model of the personality health relationship is called the interactional model because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop in persons who have _____ life-threatening events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of optimism and physical well-being,Peterson and colleagues found that the real difference between optimists and pessimists,in terms of the causes of death,was in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who score high on hostility:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to be a stressful life event?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-efficacy is defined as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified