Question 1

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans
B)  Candida albicans
C)  Malassezia furfur
D)  Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci
E)  None of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  exotoxin
B)  direct contact
C)  indirect contact
D)  endogenous
E)  droplet contactF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a purulent exudate over the tonsils
B)  it can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain
C)  it can lead to serious sequelae
D)  it is viral in origin
E)  it causes difficulty in swallowing and feverF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings
B)  it is a yeast with a capsule
C)  it is commonly found in the southwestern United States
D)  it always results in severe infections
E)  its transmission occurs through water dropletsF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

An RN in a primary care office is caring for a 10-year-old patient experiencing fever, chills, nasal congestion, and a sore throat. The patient's mother indicates that the child had been ill for the past two days, experiencing a poor appetite and sleepiness. The nurse swabs the patient's throat for rapid microbial analysis, suspecting the patient's symptoms are due to a common pathogen.
-The rapid microbial analysis is negative for group A Streptococcus and reveals the presence of only normal biota in the patient specimen. Based upon this information,all of the following microbes can be ruled out in the diagnosis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pyogenes
B)  Staphylococcus aureus
C)  Haemophilus influenzae
D)  Influenza AE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life
B)  symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever,coughing,fatigue,weight loss,and night sweats
C)  lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB
D)  the BCG vaccine is used in other countries
E)  antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosisF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

What features of the respiratory system protect us from infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal hairs
B)  Cilia
C)  Mucus
D)  Macrophages
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mouth
B)  Nasal cavity
C)  Trachea
D)  Pharynx
E)  LarynxF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of influenza?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) .
B)  Antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition.
C)  Antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands.
D)  Symptoms are very similar to the common cold.
E)  The virus can infect both humans and swine.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin V
B)  erythromycin
C)  tetracyline
D)  vancomycin
E)  cefuroximeF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Cold viruses are transmitted by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet contact and indirect contact
B)  endogenous
C)  direct contact
D)  None of the choices are correct.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alveoli
B)  Bronchi
C)  Bronchioles
D)  Trachea
E)  SinusesF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza
B)  rhinitis
C)  legionella
D)  diphtheria
E)  All of the choices involve respiratory secretions.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 15

Assess the following statements and determine which one is incorrect regarding antigenic shift.

Accepted Answer

A)  The influenza virus genome mutates over time changing the amino acid sequence of the envelope glycoproteins.  Each encounter with a new version of the virus requires activation of naive lymphocytes rather than memory cells,which is the reason we receive a new vaccination each year.
B)  The influenza genome contains 10 genes distributed on 8 separate RNA strands.  These strands can be exchanged between different viruses.
C)  Some virus strains infect birds and swine,some infect swine and humans.  If the strain that infects swine and humans exchanges strands with a bird flu strain while in a swine host cell,that virus can go on to infect a human who will have no recognition for the bird protein.
D)  If a new strain of virus emerged from an antigenic shift event,a vaccine different to the annual flu vaccine would have to be administered because the proteins coded for by the new strain would be different to those made as a result of antigenic drift.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A 45-year-old female presents to the emergency department. She reports the onset of a sore throat, cough and rhinorrhea about five days ago. She is now experiencing weakness in her arms and difficulty breathing. She is evaluated in the emergency room and admitted to the intensive care unit. In the provider's initial assessment, the patient is noted to have gross inflammation of her pharynx and tonsils, with grayish-white patches in the pharynx. A throat swab and additional specimens are sent for microbial analysis. The patient is placed in isolation.
-The RN educates the patient about diphtheria.In explaining the role of exotoxin in the pathogenesis of the disease,the nurse correctly states that the exotoxin ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the major virulence factor of the disease
B)  is isolated to the respiratory tract,causing upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms
C)  is released in the blood,causing systemic effects
D)  is the major virulence factor of the disease and is released in the blood,causing systemic effectsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  scarlet fever
B)  pertussis
C)  rheumatic fever
D)  glomerulonephritis
E)  erythrogenic rashF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Respiratory syncytial virus ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger
B)  is highly contagious
C)  is transmitted through droplet contact and fomite contamination
D)  cannot be prevented by vaccination at this time
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin.

Correct Answer
verified

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Correct Answer
verified

Assess the following statements and determine which one is incorrect regarding antigenic shift.

Correct Answer
verified

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ________.

Correct Answer
verified

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.

Correct Answer
verified

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Respiratory syncytial virus ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not true of influenza?

Correct Answer
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The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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What features of the respiratory system protect us from infection?

Correct Answer
verified

Cold viruses are transmitted by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Systems

Inhalation of respiratory secretions is involved in the transmission of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assess the following statements and determine which one is incorrect regarding antigenic shift.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of influenza?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What features of the respiratory system protect us from infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cold viruses are transmitted by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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