Question 1

The relative concentration of potassium is

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate.
B)  higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine.
C)  about equal in plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine.
D)  lower in urine than plasma or glomerular filtrate.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bioaccumulation of toxic waste
B)  Excessive loss of fluids and, eventually, death
C)  Cessation of urination
D)  Excessive retention of electrolytes and glucoseE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis.
B)  minor calyx.
C)  renal tubule.
D)  ureter.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

You are doing a dissection in class. You need to cut open a kidney, but first you must remove a tough, fibrous membrane covering it. What is this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The renal medulla
B)  The major calyx
C)  The renal cortex
D)  The tunic fibrosaE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases sodium excretion.
B)  increases sodium excretion.
C)  decreases potassium excretion.
D)  increases potassium excretion.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Uric acid results from the metabolism of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Uric acid results from the metabolism of...

Question 7

At the renal plasma threshold

Accepted Answer

A)  more glucose is in the filtrate than active transport can handle.
B)  blood volume is so great that nephrons cannot keep up.
C)  the urine has too little glucose.
D)  more glucose is in the blood, limiting the amount of glucose that can be reabsorbed.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has

Accepted Answer

A)  Balkan endemic nephropathy.
B)  diuresis.
C)  edema.
D)  gout.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess ________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid
B)  urea
C)  calcium ions
D)  amino acidsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Up to ________ of urea is filtered and recycled.

Accepted Answer

A)  33%
B)  55%
C)  80%
D)  100%E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The ureter extends downward

Accepted Answer

A)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above.
B)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.
C)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above.
D)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter
B)  urethra
C)  collecting duct
D)  nephron loopE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney failure.
B)  a urinary tract infection.
C)  kidney stones.
D)  gout.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  Erythropoietin (EPO) 
C)  Glomerular filtrate
D)  UreaE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

An increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively transporting water into the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal corpuscle.
B)  proximal convoluted tubule.
C)  distal convoluted tubule
D)  nephron loop.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid.
B)  urea.
C)  ammonia.
D)  water.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

About how many liters of fluid will an average adult filter through both kidneys in two days?

Accepted Answer

A)  360
B)  540
C)  250
D)  180E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Autoregulation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining constant GFR.
B)  secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide at a constant rate.
C)  secretion of renin at a constant rate.
D)  actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 20: Urinary System

Autoregulation refers to

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The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the

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A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

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An increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively transporting water into the blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the concentration of water in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the renal plasma threshold

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relative concentration of potassium is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uric acid results from the metabolism of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are doing a dissection in class. You need to cut open a kidney, but first you must remove a tough, fibrous membrane covering it. What is this structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureter extends downward

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess ________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About how many liters of fluid will an average adult filter through both kidneys in two days?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Up to ________ of urea is filtered and recycled.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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