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In treating a burn patient, the "rule of nines" is used to estimate the


A) depth of the burn.
B) surface area of the burn.
C) degree and source of the burn.
D) type of scar that will form.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The major blood vessels that supply the skin are in the


A) epidermis.
B) basement membrane.
C) dermis.
D) subcutaneous layer.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Localized redness, swelling, warmth, and pain are indicators of ________, the normal response to injury. 

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The subcutaneous layer consists of


A) epithelial tissue.
B) areolar and adipose tissue.
C) epithelial tissue and areolar tissue.
D) adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Individuals at elevated risk for hypothermia include


A) homeless people exposed to the outdoors.
B) the very old and the very young.
C) very thin people.
D) all of the answer choices are correct.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Sweating cools the body by evaporation.

A) True
B) False

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In areas of the skin where the epidermis is thin, the ________ may be absent.


A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum basale

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Apocrine sweat glands are most abundant on or in the


A) forehead.
B) axilla.
C) neck.
D) palms of the hands.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer, and various diseases.

A) True
B) False

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A future treatment for baldness may potentially be


A) head massages.
B) high protein shakes.
C) scalp transplants.
D) stimulation of stem cells from the hair bulb of hair follicles.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A warm surface loses heat to the air molecules continuously circulating over it by


A) radiation.
B) evaporation.
C) conduction.
D) convection.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with


A) hair, melanocytes, and pores.
B) bone, tendons, and muscles.
C) fingernails and toenails.
D) muscles, glands, and sensory receptors.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The major blood vessels that supply the skin lie between the dermis and the epidermis.

A) True
B) False

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Elderly persons may become less able to maintain stable body temperature because


A) they sweat excessively.
B) their sebaceous glands become overactive.
C) the number of sweat glands diminishes.
D) the skin becomes too oily.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Fever is


A) a result of inflammation.
B) due to exposure to heat.
C) a special case of hyperthermia in which body temperature rises in response to an elevated set point, typically in response to infection.
D) a special case of hypothermia in which body temperature falls to protect the core from infection.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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As a person ages, the skin typically becomes


A) thicker.
B) more opaque.
C) more elastic.
D) spotted with patches of pigment.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Once a scab has formed, what happens next?


A) phagocytic cells remove dead material.
B) the scab sloughs off.
C) fibroblasts from the wound edge form new collagenous fibers.
D) blood vessels send out new branches under the scab.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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A person exercising vigorously on a hot, humid day may develop


A) fatigue and dizziness.
B) heat exhaustion.
C) headache, muscle cramps, and nausea.
D) all of the answer choices are correct.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Body heat is lost primarily by


A) conduction.
B) convection.
C) evaporation.
D) radiation.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Eccrine sweat glands


A) are most common in the armpits and groin.
B) respond primarily to elevated body temperature.
C) respond primarily to emotional stress.
D) usually are associated with hair follicles.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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