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Christopher Columbus was a Portuguese-trained Italian sailor who made exploratory voyages for the king and queen of Spain.

A) True
B) False

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Which of these was not a reason for England's increasing desire for more American colonies?


A) The belief of investors that they could get rich by simply sending settlers to America.
B) Religious intolerance in England.
C) Poverty in England.
D) The need for a space for prisons for English debtors.
E) The belief that other cash crops, like tobacco, could bring large profits.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The Portuguese control of the island of São Tomé led to


A) the eviction of the island's original inhabitants.
B) conflict with the African tribe that was farming on the island.
C) a war with Spain over control of the island.
D) an attempt by the Portuguese to use the island as a prison.
E) the establishment of the first economy solely based on the use of slave labor.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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What were the most important reasons Europeans had for wanting to explore new areas and establish colonies there?

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Francisco Pizarro faced only mild resistance to his seizure of the Inca capital of Qosqo because Inca warriors were gone battling another tribe.

A) True
B) False

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Jamestown became a royal colony because


A) it was not growing in size.
B) King James I wanted to secure its profits for the crown.
C) of the bankruptcy of the Virginia Company and internal conflicts within the company.
D) members of the Virginia Company split up over how the colony should be regulated.
E) only with royal control could African slavery be introduced.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The crop that finally ensured the long-term success of the Jamestown colony was


A) sugar cane.
B) rice.
C) marijuana.
D) tobacco.
E) cotton.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Pope Alexander VI established the Line of Demarcation in order to


A) form closer ties between England and Spain, since those two countries would then control most of the Americas.
B) ensure that Catholicism remained the dominant religion in the region.
C) try to keep the two Catholic countries from openly fighting each other.
D) ensure that the Portuguese would not be left with nothing when Spain showed signs of settling the entire Caribbean.
E) make certain that the Spanish were able to harvest as much gold and silver as they could.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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All of the following contributed to Cortes' victory over the Aztecs except


A) the use of horses.
B) help from a slave woman and other tribes.
C) Spanish colonists.
D) disease.
E) firearms.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Sir Walter Raleigh's men abandoned their first Roanoke settlement because


A) it was too wet and swampy.
B) they ran out of provisions.
C) they decided to explore further down the coastline.
D) the native peoples evacuated the area, leaving them without workers.
E) they found no gold or silver there.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Sir Walter Raleigh hoped that by sending families instead of conquerors to the New World,he would be able to re-create English society and its agricultural system.

A) True
B) False

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The local Wampanoag Indians were not too concerned about the English arrivals because


A) they had learned from the Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia that these were harmless people.
B) they were in dire need of European tools and equipment.
C) they hoped to trade with the newcomers and then expel them from present-day Maine.
D) they were interested in the Puritans' religious teachings.
E) the presence of women and children in the Puritan settlement convinced them of the newcomers' peaceful intentions.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Anne Hutchinson was evicted from ____ because of her unorthodox religious beliefs.


A) Rhode Island
B) Massachusetts
C) Virginia
D) Jamestown
E) New England

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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So different were the worlds of Indians and Europeans that native tribes had simply no way to blend Christian symbolism with that of their own native religions.

A) True
B) False

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How did the colonists' relations with the local Indian tribes evolve over the years? How serious was the Pequot War? What did that war foreshadow?

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Many members of the English gentry became willing to emigrate to the American colonies after


A) losing their lands to the Anglican church.
B) the enclosure movement threatened their incomes.
C) the production of tobacco led to great fortunes in the Virginia colony.
D) the break with the Catholic Church kept younger sons from having secure professional futures within the Church.
E) gold was discovered in the colony of Georgia.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Early laborers on Virginia plantations were indentured servants,which refers to


A) poor French men and women who hoped to make a lot of money and buy land of their own.
B) English and Irish poor who sold their labor for four to seven years to cover the cost of their trip to the colonies.
C) enslaved Africans who had the option to buy their way out of slavery after working for a period of years on a tobacco plantation.
D) the sons of gentry who would learn the plantation system from the bottom up before running tobacco plantations of their own.
E) Native Americans who were forced to work on plantations throughout the Chesapeake.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The major conflict between the colonists and a local Indian tribe in the 1630s that previewed future conflicts was known as the


A) Powhatan Conflict.
B) Jamestown Massacre.
C) Pequot War.
D) Roanoke War.
E) Wampanoag War.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Spain first became interested in Florida after


A) gold was found there.
B) Georgia was established by the English.
C) the French defeated the local Indian tribes.
D) French adventurers announced plans to claim all the land from Florida to the Mississippi River.
E) French pirates based there began attacking Spanish ships.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The Columbian Exchange refers to


A) the agricultural products and domestic animals that crossed from European civilizations to the New World and from the New World to Europe.
B) the introduction of European diseases to Native Americans, such as syphilis.
C) the decimation of native populations - by as much as two-thirds - from exposure to small pox and other diseases that they had never been exposed to and had no immunities against.
D) None of these choices.
E) All of these choices.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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