Question 1

Why do many diving mammals allow their lungs to collapse during the dive?

Accepted Answer

A)  The high pressure forces lung collapse.
B)  It prevents water entry.
C)  It prevents nitrogen narcosis.
D)  The gas pressure in the lungs would damage alveoli.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

In birds,fresh air from the environment moves primarily into the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs.
B)  posterior air sacs.
C)  anterior air sacs.
D)  buccal cavity.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Why do birds tend to show greater tolerance to high-altitude hypoxia than do mammals? Using the bar-headed goose as an example,list three evolutionary adaptations that enable this species to successfully migrate at high altitudes,such as over the Himalayas at over 9000 m.

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia is a condition where the body is deprived of adequate oxygen.The lung anatomy of birds differs from mammals and is advantageous at high altitudes.In birds,unidirectional ventilation,a thin gas exchange surface,and cross-current flow result in very efficient gas exchange and oxygen extraction.Birds have higher capillary density and smaller muscle fibers compared to mammals,which results in better gas exchange at the muscles.Furthermore,birds tolerate hyperventilation better than mammals,so they obtain more oxygen at high altitudes.
When we compare lowland birds with bar-headed geese we observe three striking differences.Bar-headed geese have larger lungs for their body size,so the greater surface area provides higher oxygen diffusion capacity.Bar-headed geese also have hearts with a higher density of capillaries,which improves oxygen delivery to their hearts.Mitochondria in muscle cells of bar-headed geese is found much closer to capillaries,thus reducing the distance between mitochondria and blood,and resulting in a higher diffusion capacity for oxygen.

Question 4

Which is the correct order of action for the amphibian "balanced breath"?

Accepted Answer

A)  buccal cavity expands,glottis opens,spent air leaves lungs,buccal cavity contracts
B)  buccal cavity expands,spent air leaves lungs,glottis opens,buccal cavity contracts
C)  glottis opens,buccal cavity expands,buccal cavity contracts,spent air leaves lungs
D)  spent air leaves lungs,glottis opens,buccal cavity expands,buccal cavity contractsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

In crustacean respiration,ventilation happens when water moves out of the

Accepted Answer

A)  appendages.
B)  branchial chamber.
C)  scaphognathite.
D)  carapace.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Why do "water breathers" have a lower blood Pᶜᴼ² than air breathers?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen content of air is almost 30 t...

Question 7

Echinoderms suck water into the water vascular system via a sieved opening called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Echinoderms suck water into the water vascular...

Question 8

In the context of respiratory physiology,what is ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of moving the respiratory medium across the respiratory surface
B)  the movement of air
C)  the respiratory rate
D)  cooling caused by pantingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

When CO₂ binds to hemoglobin,it forms __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When CO₂ binds to hemoglobin,it forms __________....

Question 10

When ventilation is greater than is needed to remove the CO₂ produced by metabolism and pH increases in the blood,this is called __________.

Accepted Answer

respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

In most mammals,the effect of increased 2,3-DPG in the blood

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.
B)  decreases the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.
C)  increases iron content of hemoglobin.
D)  causes anemia.E) All of the above
F) A) and C) B

Question 12

Blood flow through the gills of an elasmobranch is arranged in a __________ fashion.

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent
B)  concurrent
C)  crosscurrent
D)  convectionE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

In vertebrates,most of the bicarbonate in the blood is carried in the

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma.
B)  red blood cell.
C)  carbaminohemoglobin.
D)  metabolon.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

One of the immediate products of mitochondrial respiration is

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen.
B)  ATP.
C)  carbohydrate.
D)  carbon monoxide.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The change in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood as the result of changes in pH is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The change in oxygen carrying capacity of...

Question 16

The ideal ventilation perfusion ratio for the mammalian lung is

Accepted Answer

A)  0) 1.
B)  1) 
C)  10.
D)  100.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

The shape of an alveolus is

Accepted Answer

A)  round.
B)  tubular.
C)  polygonal.
D)  elliptical.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Sea cucumbers have internal respiratory sacs called

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory trees.
B)  papulae.
C)  peristomia.
D)  lungs.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Draw and explain the sigmoidal shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve for vertebrate hemoglobin.In your drawing,be sure to label your axes.

Accepted Answer

Monomeric respiratory pigments,such as m...

Question 20

When plasma CO₂ increases,then

Accepted Answer

A)  pH decreases.
B)  HCO₃- decreases.
C)  CO increases.
D)  H⁺ decreases.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 11: Respiratory Systems

Why do many diving mammals allow their lungs to collapse during the dive?

Correct Answer
verified

In birds,fresh air from the environment moves primarily into the

Correct Answer
verified

Why do birds tend to show greater tolerance to high-altitude hypoxia than do mammals? Using the bar-headed goose as an example,list three evolutionary adaptations that enable this species to successfully migrate at high altitudes,such as over the Himalayas at over 9000 m.

Which is the correct order of action for the amphibian "balanced breath"?

Correct Answer
verified

In crustacean respiration,ventilation happens when water moves out of the

Correct Answer
verified

Why do "water breathers" have a lower blood Pᶜᴼ² than air breathers?

Correct Answer
verified
The oxygen content of air is almost 30 t...
View Answer

Echinoderms suck water into the water vascular system via a sieved opening called the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

In the context of respiratory physiology,what is ventilation?

Correct Answer
verified

When CO₂ binds to hemoglobin,it forms __________.

Correct Answer
verified

When ventilation is greater than is needed to remove the CO₂ produced by metabolism and pH increases in the blood,this is called __________.

Correct Answer
verified
respiratory alkalosis

In most mammals,the effect of increased 2,3-DPG in the blood

Correct Answer
verified
B

Blood flow through the gills of an elasmobranch is arranged in a __________ fashion.

Correct Answer
verified

In vertebrates,most of the bicarbonate in the blood is carried in the

Correct Answer
verified

One of the immediate products of mitochondrial respiration is

Correct Answer
verified

The change in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood as the result of changes in pH is known as the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

The ideal ventilation perfusion ratio for the mammalian lung is

Correct Answer
verified

The shape of an alveolus is

Correct Answer
verified

Sea cucumbers have internal respiratory sacs called

Correct Answer
verified

Draw and explain the sigmoidal shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve for vertebrate hemoglobin.In your drawing,be sure to label your axes.

Correct Answer
verified
Monomeric respiratory pigments,such as m...
View Answer

When plasma CO₂ increases,then

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: Respiratory Systems

Why do many diving mammals allow their lungs to collapse during the dive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In birds,fresh air from the environment moves primarily into the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do birds tend to show greater tolerance to high-altitude hypoxia than do mammals? Using the bar-headed goose as an example,list three evolutionary adaptations that enable this species to successfully migrate at high altitudes,such as over the Himalayas at over 9000 m.

Which is the correct order of action for the amphibian "balanced breath"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In crustacean respiration,ventilation happens when water moves out of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do "water breathers" have a lower blood Pᶜᴼ² than air breathers?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe oxygen content of air is almost 30 t...View AnswerShow Answer

Echinoderms suck water into the water vascular system via a sieved opening called the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of respiratory physiology,what is ventilation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When CO₂ binds to hemoglobin,it forms __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When ventilation is greater than is needed to remove the CO₂ produced by metabolism and pH increases in the blood,this is called __________.

Correct Answerverifiedrespiratory alkalosis

In most mammals,the effect of increased 2,3-DPG in the blood

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Blood flow through the gills of an elasmobranch is arranged in a __________ fashion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In vertebrates,most of the bicarbonate in the blood is carried in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the immediate products of mitochondrial respiration is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The change in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood as the result of changes in pH is known as the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ideal ventilation perfusion ratio for the mammalian lung is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shape of an alveolus is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sea cucumbers have internal respiratory sacs called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Draw and explain the sigmoidal shape of the oxygen equilibrium curve for vertebrate hemoglobin.In your drawing,be sure to label your axes.

Correct AnswerverifiedMonomeric respiratory pigments,such as m...View AnswerShow Answer

When plasma CO₂ increases,then

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The oxygen content of air is almost 30 t...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
respiratory alkalosis

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Monomeric respiratory pigments,such as m...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified