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One reason that consuming red meat may raise the risk for cancer is


A) the methods of preparation, such as grilling and smoking, provide risks.
B) the high protein content is a risk.
C) the high carbohydrate content of the meat is a risk.
D) meat is more likely to be contaminated that grains, nuts, or vegetables.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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_______ is the leading cause of death among children aged 1-14 years and ______ is the second leading cause of death for that age group.


A) Cancer; unintentional injury
B) Cancer; cardiovascular disease
C) Unintentional injury; cancer
D) Cardiovascular disease; cancer

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of these best explains the recent drop in cancer death rates in the U.S.?


A) better treatment procedures
B) better techniques for diagnosing cancer
C) changes in lifestyle
D) both a and c contributed to the drop.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Bettye is a 40-year old X-ray technician who smokes about two packs of cigarettes a day,drinks about two alcoholic beverages a day,and eats a diet low in saturated fats.Her number one risk for cancer death is her


A) job.
B) smoking.
C) diet.
D) gender.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Among men in the United States,prostate cancer has the highest death rate but not the highest incidence.

A) True
B) False

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Nick eats a high-fat diet and this may increase risk for _______ cancer.


A) colorectal
B) testicular
C) lung
D) kidney

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Lee Ann believes that diet is an important factor in cancer.She wants to eat a diet that will protect her.Current research indicates that


A) Lee Ann should concentrate on eating a high-protein diet.
B) Lee Ann should take vitamin supplements.
C) Lee Ann should eat "natural" foods with no preservatives.
D) Lee Ann should eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Psychological interventions have been shown to improve short-term emotional adjustment to cancer diagnoses but the evidence of psychological interventions prolonging the life span of people with cancer is less clear.

A) True
B) False

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All of the following cancers have decreased in recent years EXCEPT:


A) liver cancer.
B) prostate cancer.
C) breast cancer.
D) lung cancer.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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________ is a form of cancer that arises from cells in connective tissues,such as bones or muscles.


A) Leukemia
B) Sarcoma
C) Carcinoma
D) Lymphoma

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Women whose mothers developed breast cancer before age 40,compared with those whose mothers did not have cancer,are


A) about two times more likely to develop breast cancer.
B) about five to ten times as likely to develop breast cancer.
C) no more likely to have breast cancer.
D) much less likely to have breast cancer.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What is the contrast between the risk and the perceived risk of smoking for the development of lung cancer?

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A.The risk from smoking is substantial.
...

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The main difference between benign and malignant tumors is


A) that malignant cells can invade surrounding tissues.
B) the ability of benign tumors to metastasize.
C) the size of the tumor each produces.
D) that benign tumors attack nearly any tissue, whereas malignancies are specific to animal (including human) tissue cells.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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More than half of cancer deaths in the United States are attributable to diet and smoking.

A) True
B) False

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Taylor is a 28-year-old stockbroker with a 6-year-old son.She smokes about 30 cigarettes a day and consumes about 5 to 10 alcoholic drinks during a week.Because her mother died of cancer of the esophagus at age 64,Taylor is trying to reduce her risk of cancer.Her best course of action would be to


A) change jobs.
B) have another child.
C) quit smoking.
D) stop drinking.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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With regard to radiation and cancer,evidence suggests that


A) any exposure to radiation greatly increases one's risk for cancer.
B) any exposure to radiation slightly increases one's risk for cancer.
C) dental and medical personnel who work with X-rays have a significantly greater risk of cancer.
D) long-time employment in a nuclear power plant increases cancer death rates.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Among women in the United States,breast cancer has the highest death rate but not the highest incidence.

A) True
B) False

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Cigarette smoking is only a risk factor for lung cancer,but does not increase the risk for cancers located elsewhere,such as the larynx or bladder.

A) True
B) False

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Most cancer deaths in the United States are caused by


A) pollution.
B) genetic factors.
C) diet and smoking.
D) the sun.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Women who consume ____ drinks per _____ have a moderate to strong risk for breast cancer.


A) 1-2; week
B) 1-2; day
C) 3-5; week
D) 3+; day

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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