Question 1

__________ can be thought of as a "mental workspace" that we use to accomplish many activities in daily life.

Accepted Answer

A)   Automatic processing
B)   Sustained attention
C)   Working memory
D)   The sensory registerE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Mothers talk more to __________ than to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   shy children; sociable children
B)   toddler-age girls; toddler-age boys
C)   second-born children; firstborn children
D)   low-SES children; middle-SES childrenE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 3

The Vygotskian concept of zone of proximal development refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the adjustment of old schemes after noticing that current ways of thinking are flawed
B)   the cognitive discomfort that children feel during times of rapid cognitive change
C)   a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners
D)   internal depictions of information that the mind can manipulateE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following is a toddler most likely to say?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Cookie eat."
B)   "Go car."
C)   "Ball my."
D)   "Walk I."E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to cognitive-developmental theory,a scheme is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   an internal process that occurs apart from any contact with the environment
B)   the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight
C)   the ability to copy the behavior of others
D)   an organized way of making sense of experienceE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   preoperational
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operationalE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike
B)   the cognitive changes of infancy are abrupt
C)   all aspects of infant cognition develop together
D)   various aspects of infant cognition change unevenlyE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

According to Vygotsky,children master activities through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   joint activities with more mature members of their society
B)   interaction with the physical environment
C)   operant conditioning and modeling
D)   trial and errorE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

A young child makes an underextension error when she applies a new word __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   too broadly
B)   too narrowly
C)   to a group of similar experiences
D)   to a wider collection of objects than is appropriateE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

On Monday,20-month-old Raoul watches his brother Carlos stir his applesauce with a spoon.On Thursday,Raoul tries to use a spoon to stir his applesauce.Raoul is using a(n) __________ to imitate Carlos's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive scheme
B)   primary circular reaction
C)   A-not-B search error
D)   mental representationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Dr.Hahn believes that language is etched into the structure of the brain.Dr.Hahn endorses the __________ perspective of language development.

Accepted Answer

A)   dynamic systems
B)   nativist
C)   behaviorist
D)   interactionistE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Nine-month-old Avery can retrieve his ball when his mother hides it under a blanket.Avery has begun to master __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the tertiary circular reaction
B)   reflexive schemes
C)   object permanence
D)   deferred imitationE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and flexibly directing thought and behavior,coordinating information in working memory,and planning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Automatic processes
B)   Working memory
C)   Executive function
D)   Mirror neuronsE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The extent to which parents __________ contributes strongly to early language progress.

Accepted Answer

A)   provide toys or interesting activities for children
B)   actively teach children letters and sounds
C)   talk to infants and toddlers
D)   speak to each other and to other adultsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

__________ sustains the benefits of growing up in an economically advantaged family and can reduce the negative impact of a stressed,poverty-stricken home life.

Accepted Answer

A)   Good child care
B)   Even low-quality child care
C)   Authoritarian parenting
D)   Permissive parentingE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which statement about categorization is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Not until the preschool years can children categorize flexibly.
B)   Toddlers' categorization skills are not evident in their play behaviors.
C)   Toddlers' vocabulary growth promotes categorization.
D)   Toddlers do not categorize their emotional or social worlds.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Although the __________ is biased for language processing,if it is injured in the early years,other regions take over.

Accepted Answer

A)   right hemisphere
B)   left hemisphere
C)   cerebellum
D)   occipital lobeE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Laboratory research suggests that deferred imitation is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   possible at birth
B)   present at 6 weeks of age
C)   not possible until mastery of object permanence
D)   a skill that only develops in Western culturesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The IQs of 96 percent of individuals fall between __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   60; 100
B)   70; 130
C)   85; 110
D)   100; 140E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Korean toddlers develop object-sorting skills later than their English-speaking counterparts because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Korean adults rarely call babies' attention to commonalities among objects
B)   the Korean language often omits object names from sentences
C)   Korean parents discourage babies from exploring objects
D)   English-speaking adults have better categorization skills than their Korean-speaking counterpartsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

On Monday,20-month-old Raoul watches his brother Carlos stir his applesauce with a spoon.On Thursday,Raoul tries to use a spoon to stir his applesauce.Raoul is using a(n) __________ to imitate Carlos's behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ sustains the benefits of growing up in an economically advantaged family and can reduce the negative impact of a stressed,poverty-stricken home life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nine-month-old Avery can retrieve his ball when his mother hides it under a blanket.Avery has begun to master __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The IQs of 96 percent of individuals fall between __________ and __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mothers talk more to __________ than to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ can be thought of as a "mental workspace" that we use to accomplish many activities in daily life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Vygotskian concept of zone of proximal development refers to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extent to which parents __________ contributes strongly to early language progress.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Piaget's __________ stage is the most complex period of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ control(s) attention by inhibiting impulses and flexibly directing thought and behavior,coordinating information in working memory,and planning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a toddler most likely to say?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Laboratory research suggests that deferred imitation is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Vygotsky,children master activities through __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to cognitive-developmental theory,a scheme is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the __________ is biased for language processing,if it is injured in the early years,other regions take over.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A young child makes an underextension error when she applies a new word __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Follow-up research on Piaget's sensorimotor stage yields broad agreement that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Korean toddlers develop object-sorting skills later than their English-speaking counterparts because __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Hahn believes that language is etched into the structure of the brain.Dr.Hahn endorses the __________ perspective of language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about categorization is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The IQs of 96 percent of individuals fall between and .

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Mothers talk more to than to .

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