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Exam 14: Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

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Question 21

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In a previous correlational study,Dr.Lafayette has found that owning dogs is associated with lower levels of daily stress in a sample of returning war veterans.Which of the following would constitute a shift from theory-testing mode to generalization mode?

A) Conducting a study on the same sample of war veterans,this time using a different measure of daily stress
B) Conducting a study examining the stress reduction in dogs
C) Conducting an experimental study in which he assigns people to own a dog or not
D) Conducting a study on dog ownership using a sample of elderly participants from a local retirement home

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 22

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________ is a subdiscipline of psychology that works primarily in the generalization mode.

A) Clinical psychology
B) Experimental psychology
C) Social psychology
D) Cultural psychology

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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Explain why external validity is the priority in generalization mode but not in theory-testing mode.

Which of the following claims is most likely to be made in generalization mode?

Mark conducts a study for his research methods class to determine if consuming caffeine causes people to perform better on cognitive tasks.In his study,he gives half of his participants a glass of water and half of his participants a glass of cola,and then has them attempt to solve 15 math problems.He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more math problems than those who drink water beforehand. -Mark decides to conduct a variation of the original study in which he measures participants' ability to solve verbal analogies as the cognitive task instead of measuring their ability to solve math problems.He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more verbal analogies than those who drink water beforehand,suggesting caffeine consumption causes improved cognitive performance.This study is known as a:

Replicability helps interrogate which of the four big validities?

What does it mean when a study cannot be replicated by an independent researcher?

Dr.Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power,especially a personal God or gods").In his study,he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college.He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One,Dogma,Passion of the Christ)and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen.He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g. ,church,temple,synagogue,mosque)in the past year.He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance. -A colleague criticizes Dr.Tropez for using a WEIRD sample.Explain what this means and why it is a problem.

According to the textbook,what is the problem with WEIRD samples?

Replication-plus-extensions can add any of the following EXCEPT:

When generalizing the results of a sample to a population,which of the following is the most important question to ask?

Explain how a study can be important but lack a diverse,random sample and a real-world setting.What type of study is likely to have neither of these?

Another word for replicable is:

Dr.Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power,especially a personal God or gods").In his study,he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college.He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One,Dogma,Passion of the Christ)and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen.He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g. ,church,temple,synagogue,mosque)in the past year.He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance. -What is the difference between theory-testing mode and generalization mode? In which mode does Dr.Tropez seem to be operating?

Name the subdiscipline of psychology that works exclusively in generalization mode and explain why it works exclusively in this mode.

Explain what the file drawer problem is and how and why it needs to be addressed when conducting a meta-analysis.

Which of the following is NOT true of cultural psychology?

In a conceptual replication,the ________ are the same but the ________ are different from the original study.

Dr.Grayson,a health psychologist,conducts a study examining whether people eat more when they are exposed to pictures of food than when they are not exposed to pictures of food.She goes to a fast-food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m. ) on Tuesday.On Thursday,she does the same thing but at a fast-food restaurant that does not have pictures on their menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant) .She finds that the restaurant with pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. -Dr.Grayson would most be able to generalize her findings to which of the following populations?

Which of the following types of study does NOT support external validity?