Question 1

Risk estimates suggest (1) that death is more likely to occur from common activities than from dental imaging procedures and (2) that cancer is much more likely to be unrelated to dental imaging radiation exposure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true.
B)  Both statements are false.
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above A

Question 2

Your patient is receiving radiation treatments for breast cancer.She reports having a burning sore throat and great difficulty swallowing.Which stage of the radiation injury sequence is your patient in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Injury
B)  Recovery
C)  Latent
D)  Cumulative effectsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which types of cells are more sensitive to radiation: (1) rapidly dividing,(2) slowly dividing,(3) young,and/or (4) old?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3
B)  1 and 4
C)  2 and 3
D)  2 and 4E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 4

What specific mechanism of radiation injury may result in the formation of hydrogen peroxide when x-ray energy is absorbed by patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  An ejected high-speed electron may interact with other atoms within absorbing tissues.
B)  Free radical formation created by the ionization of water may occur.
C)  Unequal charge distribution may result in negative electrical potential.
D)  Creation of a magnetic field may cause polarization.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Explain to your patient the steps,in order,in the formation of hydrogen peroxide,a toxin that will cause damage to living tissues.
1) Free radicals combine
2) Free radical formation
3) Cellular dysfunction and biologic damage
4) X-ray photons are absorbed by water

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,3,4
B)  4,2,1,3
C)  2,1,4,3
D)  2,4,1,3E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true of somatic effects of irradiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes are not transmitted to future generations.
B)  Changes are in the genetic cells of the individual.
C)  Mutations occur that affect the health of offspring.
D)  Damage cannot be repaired.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The indirect theory proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)  toxins are created from the formation of free radicals.
B)  ionizing radiation strikes critical areas within cells.
C)  direct injuries occur more frequently than indirect injuries.
D)  changes occur to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DN
A)  of a cell.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

________________ is/are the single largest contributor to artificial radiation exposure (0.00053 Sv/year) .

Accepted Answer

A)  Consumer products
B)  Medical radiation
C)  Fallout from atomic weapons
D)  The nuclear fuel cycleE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Stochastic biologic effects from radiation

Accepted Answer

A)  are directly related to exposure and effect.
B)  occur as a result of exposure,but severity is not determined by dose.
C)  have a dose threshold.
D)  cause significant damage to cell or cell death.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

One gray is equivalent to ______ rad(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  10
C)  100
D)  1000E) None of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 11

You could be exposed to each of these radiation sources in your daily activities.Which of these sources is human-made?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radon gas
B)  Atomic fallout
C)  Terrestrial radiation
D)  Radioactive potassiumE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The potential risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer in an individual is about _________ the risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously.

Accepted Answer

A)  1/10
B)  1/100
C)  1/1000
D)  1/1,000,000E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Your patient is concerned about radiation exposure.Which of the following explanations would you give to your patient to help calm her concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  I will be using a digital sensor;this will reduce x-ray exposure by 30% over the use of conventional film.
B)  I am using this collimator attachment,which will decrease the x-ray dose you receive by 60-70%.
C)  I will be using the bisecting technique for receptor placement,which will reduce exposure.
D)  A sign of excessive radiation exposure to the skin is reddening or erythema.I would have to take more than 30 exposures using film,not digital,during a 14-day period to cause reddening.I will only be taking 20 digital x-rays.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

(1) More radiation damage takes place with high dose rates (2) because a rapid delivery of radiation does not allow time for cellular damage to be repaired.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true.
B)  Both statements are false.
C)  The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)  The first statement is false;the second statement is true.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The bombing at Nagasaki and Hiroshima took place in 1945;an increase in the incidence of cancer was noted in 1956.Which effects apply to the cancer incidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-term,somatic
B)  Long-term,somatic
C)  Short-term,genetic
D)  Long-term,geneticE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Your patient was out in the hot,bright sun yesterday.While in the sun she began experiencing pain and noticed her skin had turned bright red.Shortly after arriving home,she began to experience chills,nausea,severe pain,and blistering.Why would your patient experience the symptoms so quickly?

Accepted Answer

A)  The latent period was decreased by the increased dose and dose rate.
B)  The latent period was increased by the increased dose and dose rate.
C)  The latent period was decreased by the increased area of tissue irradiated and the number of sensitive cells.
D)  The latent period was not affected.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above A

Question 17

Uranium is an example of __________ radiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial
B)  cosmic
C)  artificial
D)  internalE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Cellular injuries following the latent period may include (1) cell death,(2) cessation of mitotic activity,and/or (3) abnormal mitotic activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2,3
B)  1,2
C)  1,3
D)  1 onlyE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

___________ refers to the total amount of radiation that is received or absorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Total dose
B)  Dose rate
C)  Amount of tissue irradiated
D)  Cell sensitivityE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following combinations will result in the lowest absorbed dose for the patient from a 20-film series of dental radiographs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Round collimation with digital sensor
B)  Rectangular collimation with digital sensor
C)  Round collimation with F-speed film
D)  Rectangular collimation with F-speed filmE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 4: Radiation Biology

Risk estimates suggest (1) that death is more likely to occur from common activities than from dental imaging procedures and (2) that cancer is much more likely to be unrelated to dental imaging radiation exposure.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Your patient is receiving radiation treatments for breast cancer.She reports having a burning sore throat and great difficulty swallowing.Which stage of the radiation injury sequence is your patient in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which types of cells are more sensitive to radiation: (1) rapidly dividing,(2) slowly dividing,(3) young,and/or (4) old?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What specific mechanism of radiation injury may result in the formation of hydrogen peroxide when x-ray energy is absorbed by patients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain to your patient the steps,in order,in the formation of hydrogen peroxide,a toxin that will cause damage to living tissues. 1) Free radicals combine 2) Free radical formation 3) Cellular dysfunction and biologic damage 4) X-ray photons are absorbed by water

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of somatic effects of irradiation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The indirect theory proposes that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________________ is/are the single largest contributor to artificial radiation exposure (0.00053 Sv/year) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stochastic biologic effects from radiation

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One gray is equivalent to ______ rad(s) .

Correct AnswerverifiedC

You could be exposed to each of these radiation sources in your daily activities.Which of these sources is human-made?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The potential risk of dental radiography inducing a fatal cancer in an individual is about _________ the risk of a person developing cancer spontaneously.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your patient is concerned about radiation exposure.Which of the following explanations would you give to your patient to help calm her concerns?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(1) More radiation damage takes place with high dose rates (2) because a rapid delivery of radiation does not allow time for cellular damage to be repaired.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bombing at Nagasaki and Hiroshima took place in 1945;an increase in the incidence of cancer was noted in 1956.Which effects apply to the cancer incidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your patient was out in the hot,bright sun yesterday.While in the sun she began experiencing pain and noticed her skin had turned bright red.Shortly after arriving home,she began to experience chills,nausea,severe pain,and blistering.Why would your patient experience the symptoms so quickly?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Uranium is an example of __________ radiation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cellular injuries following the latent period may include (1) cell death,(2) cessation of mitotic activity,and/or (3) abnormal mitotic activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________ refers to the total amount of radiation that is received or absorbed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following combinations will result in the lowest absorbed dose for the patient from a 20-film series of dental radiographs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified