A) The bats eat the insects that harm competitor plants.
B) The bats consume the fruit including the seeds that would disrupt the trees' reproductive cycle.
C) The bats roost in the trees and fertilize soil around the trees with their nitrogen-rich droppings.
D) The bats pollinate the trees and disperse seeds.
E) The bats pierce the fruit, which allows the seeds to germinate.
G) C) and D)
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A) inbreeding, genetic drift
B) inbreeding, disease
C) genetic drift, heterozygosity
D) loss of variation, small mate choice
E) loss of adaptability, heterozygosity
G) A) and C)
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A) We know that atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased over the past 150 years.
B) Through measurements and observations, we know that COâ‚‚ levels and temperature fluctuations are directly correlated, even in prehistoric times.
C) Global warming could have significant effects on agriculture in North America.
D) Sea levels will likely rise, displacing as much as 50% of the world's human population.
E) All statements listed could be used.
G) All of the above
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A) protecting federally listed endangered species.
B) lobbying for strict enforcement of the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
C) sustaining biodiversity of entire ecosystems and communities.
D) maintaining genetic diversity in all species.
E) saving as much habitat as possible from development and exploitation.
G) A) and D)
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A) more animals than ever before are going extinct.
B) most current extinctions are caused by introduced species.
C) the rate of extinction is unusually high.
D) current extinction is primarily affecting plant diversity.
E) None of the options are correct.
G) A) and B)
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A) shifting of ecosystems towards the poles.
B) insect pest outbreaks.
C) faster rate of ice melt in the north and slower rate of ice melt in the south.
D) some species are unable to disperse or adapt fast enough to changing conditions.
E) current agricultural land may become unsuitable for agriculture.
G) A) and C)
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A) hot spots are situated in remote areas not accessible to wildlife viewers.
B) their ecological importance makes land purchase very expensive.
C) a hot spot for one group of organisms may not be a hot spot for another group.
D) hot spots are designated by abiotic factors present, not biotic factors.
E) designated hot spots change on a daily basis.
G) None of the above
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A) There is always a conflict about use of land set aside for preservation.
B) Making a proper selection is difficult because currently the environmental conditions of almost any site change so quickly.
C) Keystone species are difficult to identify in potential preserve sites.
D) Only lands that are not useful to human activities are available for preserves.
E) Most of the best sites are inaccessible by land transportation, so making roads to them is often prohibitively expensive.
G) B) and C)
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A) the pressures of its growing population.
B) its small size (as a country) , which may not be able to maintain large enough reserves.
C) the potential for disturbance of sensitive species in reserves by ecotourists.
D) spread of disease and parasites via corridors from neighboring countries.
E) the large number of Costa Rican species already in the extinction vortex.
G) A) and E)
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A) provide a stable economy for people living in the area
B) protect wildlife
C) practice sustainable agriculture
D) promote ecotourism
E) remove all human presence and activity
G) C) and D)
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A) increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
B) the depletion of the ozone layer
C) overexploitation of selected species
D) habitat destruction
E) zoned reserves
G) D) and E)
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
G) C) and D)
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A) The eggs are given only to people who need high protein.
B) It is an inexpensive way to raise young turtles and tortoises for food.
C) Introduced species can be effective predators and consume all or most of the eggs that are laid.
D) This is a good way to census the wild populations.
E) You want to prevent both species from over-reproducing.
G) A) and D)
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A) Genes for adaptive traits to local conditions make microevolution possible.
B) The population that is most fit would survive by competitive exclusion.
C) Genetic diversity allows for species stability by preventing speciation.
D) Isolated populations become more fit.
E) Diseases and parasites are not spread between separated populations.
G) A) and D)
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A) rosy periwinkle - medicinal plant that inhibits cancer cell growth
B) extirpation - local extinction
C) acid rain/precipitation - rain, snow, sleet with a pH < 6
D) extinction vortex - processes that result in smaller and smaller population size until all individuals die
E) effective population size - based on the breeding potential of a population
G) A) and C)
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