Question 1

The ________ is a set of conditions, including its habitat, resources, and relations with other species of the ecosystem, that enable an organism to grow and reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A)   benthos
B)   environment
C)   niche
D)   metagenome
E)   resource requirementF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following are the main consumers of biomass in the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A)   multicellular organisms
B)   fish and tube worms
C)   protists and viruses
D)   heterotrophic bacteria
E)   fungiF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

A graduate student filtered a liter of seawater using a Millipore filter membrane of 2 mm pore size. Her filtrate

Accepted Answer

A)   is sterile.
B)   contains microplankton.
C)   contains picoplankton.
D)   contains nanoplankton.
E)   contains all plankton.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 4

The Dutch microbiologist van Niel first demonstrated anoxygenic photosynthesis in soil and water bacteria. He generalized his work by hypothesizing that

Accepted Answer

A)   every molecule in nature can be used as a source of nitrogen by some microorganism.
B)   photosynthesis results in oxygen production.
C)   microbes are found in every environment on Earth.
D)   microbes cannot live deep within Earth.
E)   photosynthesis occurs deep within Earth.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Explain how viruses select for increased diversity of microbial plankton in the oceans.

Accepted Answer

Recent studies indicate that cell lysis ...

Question 6

Compared to eutrophic lakes, the biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, of oligotrophic lakes is

Accepted Answer

A)   low.
B)   similar.
C)   high.
D)   unpredictable.
E)   extremely high.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

Metatranscriptomics is the study of ________ obtained from an environmental community.

Accepted Answer

A)   lipids
B)   proteins
C)   organisms
D)   DNA
E)   RNAF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium, is a free-living marine organism that fixes CO₂ into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of heterotrophic bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely habitat of this bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)   euphotic zone of the pelagic environment
B)   the benthos
C)   the littoral zone
D)   lake sediments
E)   aphotic zoneF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

The ________ region of an oligotrophic lake extends to about 10 meters below the surface.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuston
B)   benthic
C)   epilimnion
D)   hypolimnion
E)   euphoticF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for the characteristic odor of soil?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vibrio sp.
B)   Bacillus sp.
C)   Streptomyces sp.
D)   Staphylococcus sp.
E)   Pseudomonas sp.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Describe the process of haustorial parasitism.

Accepted Answer

Some fungal pathogens generate specializ...

Question 12

Which of the following require endosymbiotic protists and bacteria to digest plant material such as lignin and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)   termites
B)   cattle
C)   gorillas
D)   humans
E)   microplanktonF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Explain how metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have been used to assess ocean diversity.

Accepted Answer

A 2015 study led by Shinichi Sunagawa sh...

Question 14

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How did sari cloth help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Accepted Answer

Vibrio cholerae is a mutualist on the su...

Question 15

Much of the microbial fermentation in humans occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)   stomach.
B)   colon.
C)   rumen.
D)   small intestine.
E)   esophagus.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Fungi play a much larger and more significant role in the decomposition of terrestrial biomass than they do in marine ecosystems. This is because fungi

Accepted Answer

A)   do not thrive in a marine environment.
B)   outcompete bacteria in terrestrial habitats.
C)   can degrade the abundant lignin in terrestrial habitats.
D)   decompose leghemoglobin rapidly.
E)   degrade human waste faster than bacteria.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Which region of marine habitat refers to the microscopic interface between water and air?

Accepted Answer

A)   pelagic zone
B)   neuston
C)   euphotic zone
D)   aphotic zone
E)   benthic zoneF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

Explain at least three ways in which metagenomes may overlook organisms in the environment.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include the following: ...

Question 19

The high biological oxygen demand that accompanies algal bloom in eutrophic lakes increases the span of the ________ zone.

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygenic epilimnion
B)   anoxic hypolimnion
C)   coastal shelf
D)   anoxic benthic
E)   oxygenic neustonF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Lignin decomposition forms

Accepted Answer

A)   arbuscules.
B)   detritus.
C)   fruiting bodies.
D)   humus.
E)   rhizopus.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Exam 21: Microbial Ecology

Describe the interaction of Vibrio cholerae with copepods. How did sari cloth help decrease the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh?

Correct AnswerverifiedVibrio cholerae is a mutualist on the su...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain at least three ways in which metagenomes may overlook organisms in the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedPossible answers include the following: ...View AnswerShow Answer

A graduate student filtered a liter of seawater using a Millipore filter membrane of 2 mm pore size. Her filtrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lignin decomposition forms

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are the main consumers of biomass in the ocean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is a set of conditions, including its habitat, resources, and relations with other species of the ecosystem, that enable an organism to grow and reproduce.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Dutch microbiologist van Niel first demonstrated anoxygenic photosynthesis in soil and water bacteria. He generalized his work by hypothesizing that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is responsible for the characteristic odor of soil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have been used to assess ocean diversity.

Correct AnswerverifiedA 2015 study led by Shinichi Sunagawa sh...View AnswerShow Answer

Much of the microbial fermentation in humans occurs in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metatranscriptomics is the study of ________ obtained from an environmental community.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to eutrophic lakes, the biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD, of oligotrophic lakes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fungi play a much larger and more significant role in the decomposition of terrestrial biomass than they do in marine ecosystems. This is because fungi

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following require endosymbiotic protists and bacteria to digest plant material such as lignin and cellulose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how viruses select for increased diversity of microbial plankton in the oceans.

Correct AnswerverifiedRecent studies indicate that cell lysis ...View AnswerShow Answer

The high biological oxygen demand that accompanies algal bloom in eutrophic lakes increases the span of the ________ zone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synechococcus, a cyanobacterium, is a free-living marine organism that fixes CO₂ into biomass while producing molecular oxygen utilized by swarms of heterotrophic bacteria. Which of the following is the most likely habitat of this bacterium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the process of haustorial parasitism.

Correct AnswerverifiedSome fungal pathogens generate specializ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which region of marine habitat refers to the microscopic interface between water and air?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ region of an oligotrophic lake extends to about 10 meters below the surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Vibrio cholerae is a mutualist on the su...
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Possible answers include the following: ...
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A 2015 study led by Shinichi Sunagawa sh...
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Recent studies indicate that cell lysis ...
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Some fungal pathogens generate specializ...
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