Question 1

Which of the following sugars is commonly referred to as cellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  (1→4) -α-D-mannopyranan
B)  (1→4) -β-D-glucopyranan
C)  (1→6) -α-D-mannopyranan
D)  (1→6) -α-D-glucopyrananE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following enzymes is found in liver and muscle tissue and is used to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen phosphorylase
B)  β(1→6) -glucosidase
C)  α-amylase
D)  glycogen maltaseE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

In plant cells,starch is hydrolyzed by starch phosphorylase.Which of the following is released upon hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose-1-phosphate and a starch molecule with 1 less glucose unit
B)  glucose-6-phosphate and a starch molecule with 1 less glucose unit
C)  maltose-1-phosphate and a starch molecule with 2 less glucose units
D)  maltose-6-phosphate and a starch molecule with 2 less glucose unitsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

?-D-Glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature.Which of the following is one of its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  The anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair.
B)  It forms a 5-membered ring.
C)  Carbon 6 is below the plane of the chair.
D)  All the -OH groups are equatorial.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following pair of glycosamines is linked to 3-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions,and are components of the polysaccharides of higher organisms and bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucosides and galactosides
B)  muramic acid and neuraminic acid
C)  gluconic acid and glucuronic acid
D)  sorbitol and ribitolE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following are important components of the vitreous humour of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates the joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  heparins
B)  hyaluronates
C)  chondroitins
D)  keratin sulfatesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have elevated levels of blood glucose.As a result of this,which of the following is their blood normally tested for?

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing sugars
B)  oxidizing sugars
C)  fructose
D)  gluconic acidE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine.Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)  agaropectin
B)  heparin
C)  dermatan sulfate
D)  hyaluronateE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following disaccharides contains an a(14) O-glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose
B)  lactose
C)  maltose
D)  cellobioseE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following sugars is NOT a homodisaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose
B)  maltose
C)  isomaltose
D)  cellobioseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III
B)  attachment of a Gal-β(1,3) -GalNAc disaccharide to the fish antifreeze protein
C)  attachment of a small oligosaccharide to an immunoglobulin
D)  attachment of a small antigenic determinant to a membrane-bound protein of a cellE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following pairs of molecules is found in tendons,cartilage,and other connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  heparin and chondroitins
B)  chondroitins and keratin sulfate
C)  keratin sulfate and dermatan sulfate
D)  hyaluronate and keratin sulfateE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following disaccharides is NOT a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose
B)  maltose
C)  sucrose
D)  celluloseE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristicof cellulose fibre?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a linear polymer of β(1→4) glycosidic-linked glucose and galactose residues.
B)  It is extremely susceptible to hydrolysis.
C)  It is made up of very weak microfibrils.
D)  Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a major role in the stabilization of microfibrils.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding cyclic sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  The a-anomer has the -OH of the anomeric carbon positioned on the opposite side of the sugar ring from the -CH₂OH.
B)  The 5- and 6-membered rings are more frequently observed due to stability.
C)  In a chair conformation,the predominant form has the bulkiest substituents occupying axial positions.
D)  They can be formed by the intramolecular reactions to hemiacetals or hemiketals.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following statements explains why cooked starch is more digestible than uncooked starch?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been partially hydrolyzed during cooking.
B)  The amylopectin is converted to amylose during cooking.
C)  The enzymes that hydrolyze the starch are active only when the starch is hot.
D)  The starch granules take up water,swell,and are more accessible to the enzymes.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose,which of the following carbons determines if the sugar is a D- or an L-stereoisomer?

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  3
C)  4
D)  5E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT apply to both cellulose and chitin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are polymers of glucose.
B)  Both are structural polysaccharides.
C)  Both have extended ribbon conformations.
D)  Both have extensive hydrogen bonding.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Which of the following alcohols is NOT a sugar alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribitol
B)  sorbitol
C)  glycerol
D)  mannitolE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Neither α-amylase nor β-amylase can cleave the α(1→6) glycosidic bonds of amylopectin.Which of the following enzymes is required to completely hydrolyze starch?

Accepted Answer

A)  α(1→6) -glucosidase
B)  glycogen phosphorylase
C)  maltase
D)  sucraseE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Which of the following statements explains why cooked starch is more digestible than uncooked starch?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pair of glycosamines is linked to 3-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions,and are components of the polysaccharides of higher organisms and bacterial cell walls?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have elevated levels of blood glucose.As a result of this,which of the following is their blood normally tested for?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sugars is NOT a homodisaccharide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neither α-amylase nor β-amylase can cleave the α(1→6) glycosidic bonds of amylopectin.Which of the following enzymes is required to completely hydrolyze starch?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In plant cells,starch is hydrolyzed by starch phosphorylase.Which of the following is released upon hydrolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes is found in liver and muscle tissue and is used to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding cyclic sugars?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine.Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following disaccharides contains an a(14) O-glycosidic bond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose,which of the following carbons determines if the sugar is a D- or an L-stereoisomer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of molecules is found in tendons,cartilage,and other connective tissue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT apply to both cellulose and chitin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristicof cellulose fibre?

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?-D-Glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature.Which of the following is one of its characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following alcohols is NOT a sugar alcohol?

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Which of the following sugars is commonly referred to as cellulose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are important components of the vitreous humour of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates the joints?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following disaccharides is NOT a reducing sugar?

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