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Which of the following require the x-ray beam to be in radiographic mode?


A) cassette spot filming
B) film cameras for spot filming
C) videotape
D) none of the above

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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A loss of brightness around the edge of the fluoroscopic image caused by the curve of the photocathode is:


A) noise
B) pincushion appearance
C) vignetting
D) magnification

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Photoemission occurs at the:


A) input phosphor
B) output phosphor
C) photocathode
D) accelerating anode

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The conventional method for viewing the fluoroscopic image is by:


A) using a handheld device
B) looking directly at the output phosphor
C) using a television monitor
D) using a mirror-optics system

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following requires more radiation to produce quality fluoroscopic images?


A) conventional image intensifier
B) flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) there is no difference between the two

D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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The gain related to the decrease in size from the input to the output phosphor is the:


A) brightness gain
B) flux gain
C) minification gain
D) conversion factor

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following has the possibility of demonstrating veiling glare and pincushion distortion?


A) conventional image intensifier
B) flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) there is no difference between the two

D) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Early versions of digital fluoroscopy used the standard system and added:


A) a different camera
B) an ADC
C) videotape
D) none of the above

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A typical high-resolution monitor has:


A) 825 lines
B) 1024 lines
C) 1872 lines
D) 2034 lines

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The image intensifier improved fluoroscopy by:


A) making the image easier to see because it is brighter
B) making the image easier to see because it is bigger
C) allowing indirect viewing of the fluoroscopic image
D) A and C

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The image intensifier was introduced in the:


A) 1920s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The image intensifier is located:


A) next to the x-ray tube used for fluoroscopy
B) beneath the x-ray table
C) on a shelf just inside the room
D) inside the fluoro tower

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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When operated in magnification mode,the electrostatic lenses have ________ of a negative charge.


A) less
B) more
C) the same amount as usual
D) one half

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Typical television monitors have:


A) 300 lines
B) 450 lines
C) 525 lines
D) 875 lines

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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This part of the image intensifier absorbs light and produces electrons.


A) input phosphor
B) output phosphor
C) photocathode
D) electrostatic focusing lenses

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following accurately shows the energy sequence during fluoroscopy?


A) light to x-rays to electrons to light
B) x-rays to light to electrons to light
C) x-rays to electrons to light
D) electrons to light to electrons

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The electrostatic focusing lenses have a ___________ charge.


A) negative
B) positive
C) neutral
D) changing

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following degrades with age and has a lower DQE?


A) conventional image intensifier
B) flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) there is no difference between the two

D) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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The potential difference across the image intensifier is approximately:


A) 25 V
B) 250 V
C) 25 kV
D) 250 kV

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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If the input phosphor measures 30 cm and the output phosphor measures 2.5 cm,what is the minification gain?


A) 8.3
B) 12
C) 69.2
D) 144

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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