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Automatic tube compensation is active both during inspiration and expiration, and may reduce air trapping and _______________.

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A negative pressure ventilator applies pressure inside the chest to expand it.

A) True
B) False

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The ____ is the system that governs or controls the ventilator drive mechanism or output control valve.


A) solenoid valve
B) control circuit
C) compressor
D) piston

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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B

Which of the following waveforms are characteristically produced by ventilators having a rotary-driven piston drive mechanism?


A) rectangular
B) exponential
C) sinusoidal
D) oscillating

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

Discuss Robert Chatburn's ventilator classification system.

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Robert Chatburn has proposed a new way t...

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Explain the advantage of both pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation.

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Pressure-controlled mode allows the clin...

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____ alarms alert the clinician to changes in oxygen concentration or gas temperature.


A) Expiratory gas
B) Volume
C) Inspiratory gas
D) Time

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Describe the four types of flow waveforms.

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The rectangular waveform is produced when volume is the control variable and the output is an ascending ramp. The flow waveform (a derivative of the volume waveform with respect to time), assumes the characteristic rectangular shape. The ramp waveform can be ascending or descending. If flow rises as the breath is delivered, it is termed ascending. If flow falls during the ventilator-supported breath, it is called a descending ramp. The sinusoidal waveform resembles the positive portion of a sine wave. It is generated by a rotary-driven piston drive mechanism.

The type of drive mechanism determines the characteristic flow and pressure patterns each ventilator produces.

A) True
B) False

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Flow triggering has been shown to be more sensitive and responsive to a patient's efforts than pressure triggering.

A) True
B) False

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_______________ proposed a new way to classify mechanical ventilators based on related features, physics, and engineering.

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Robert Cha...

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_______________ alert the clinician to settings or parameters that are not within acceptable ranges or specifications, or they warn the clinician that the ventilator has failed some part of a self-diagnostic test.

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Control ci...

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A ____ breath is initiated and delivered by the ventilator when it senses the patient's spontaneous inspiratory effort.


A) time-triggered
B) pressure-triggered
C) volume-triggered
D) flow-triggered

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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____ is defined as a change in volume divided by a change in pressure.


A) Flow
B) Compliance
C) Resistance
D) Pressure

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following types of control circuits may also be referred to as servo controlled?


A) open loop
B) closed loop
C) mechanical
D) electronic

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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A resistance load is proportional to ____.


A) volume
B) compliance
C) volume and airway resistance
D) airway resistance and inspiratory flow

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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____ is a time-triggered, pressure-limited and time cycled mode that allows for spontaneous breathing.


A) Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)
B) Automode
C) Proportional assist ventilation (PAV)
D) Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following flow waveforms is produced when volume is the control variable and the output is an ascending ramp?


A) rectangular
B) ascending ramp
C) descending ramp
D) sinusoidal

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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____ are ventilators that measure and control inspiratory and expiratory time.


A) Flow controllers
B) Volume controllers
C) Pressure controllers
D) Time controllers

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Describe inspiration and expiration.

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During inspiration, the primary ventilat...

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