Question 1

Three major criticisms against psychological egoism are listed in the textbook. Which of the following should NOT be on the list?

Accepted Answer

A)   Falsification is not possible, because psychological egoism does not allow for the possibility that some people are not selfish all the time.
B)   The theory has problems with the language it uses, including the fallacy of the suppressed correlative.
C)   The theory mistakenly assumes that doing what we want is always selfish.
D)   The theory misinterprets the old saying "Ought implies can" to mean "If I ought to do something, then I will be able to do it."E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Reciprocal altruism is known as Golden Rule altruism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Glaucon, with his hypothesis of the two rings in the text by Plato, points to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)   any man who has two rings ought to give one of them to a needy person.
B)   if an invisibility ring is given to a just man and another to an unjust man, the just man will do good deeds with it and the unjust man will do bad deeds.
C)   if an invisibility ring is given to a just man and another to an unjust man, the just man will do bad deeds and the unjust man will do good deeds.
D)   if an invisibility ring is given to a just man and another to an unjust man, both of these men will behave selfishly.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The basic idea of the "Golden Rule" is found only in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Compare and contrast the concepts of psychological egoism and ethical egoism. Discuss arguments against them.

Accepted Answer

Psychological egoism and ethical egoism ...

Question 6

David Hume stated that before the creation of society, in the "state of nature," where people live in a perpetual state of war against one another, life is "nasty, brutish, and short," and no rules apply except that of self-preservation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 7

What are the three points on which Thomas Hobbes agreed with Glaucon's theory of self-interest?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English ph...

Question 8

Abraham Lincoln can be seen as a psychological egoist because regardless of how unselfishly he acted, he expressed the theory that everyone acts selfishly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to Thomas Hobbes, the reason we feel pity toward others is because

Accepted Answer

A)   we are benevolent by nature and feel sympathetic toward others.
B)   we are afraid their misfortune might happen to us.
C)   we are afraid they will find out that we do not care about their misfortune.
D)   we are stupid; smart people do not feel pity.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Thomas Hobbes believes that we are all selfish by nature. However, because right and wrong for Hobbes do not exist prior to the creation of a society, is selfishness in itself a bad thing? Why, or why not?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes' belief that humans are in...

Question 11

An egoist is defined as a person who has a very high self-opinion and whose language often consists of self-praise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In the film Force Majeure, as the avalanche advances upon Ebba and her family, Tomas

Accepted Answer

A)   shoves Ebba and the kids out of harm's way.
B)   grabs one of the kids and rushes toward the exit.
C)   gets up from his chair and accidently pushes Ebba over the balcony.
D)   gets up from his chair and rushes toward the exit.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

According to Ayn Rand, when would it be morally acceptable to save a drowning person? Explain, and add your own comments.

Accepted Answer

According to Ayn Rand, it would be morally acceptable to save a drowning person if the act of saving them aligns with your own rational self-interest. In other words, if saving the person does not pose a significant risk to your own life or well-being, and if you genuinely value the life of the person in danger, then it would be morally acceptable to intervene and save them.

Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism emphasizes the importance of rational self-interest and individual rights. In this context, saving a drowning person can be seen as an act of rational self-interest if it aligns with one's values and does not impose an unreasonable burden on oneself. However, if the act of saving the person would pose a significant risk to one's own life or well-being, then it may not be morally acceptable according to Rand's philosophy.

It's important to note that this perspective may be controversial and may not align with other ethical frameworks that prioritize altruism and self-sacrifice. Ultimately, the decision to save a drowning person should be based on a careful consideration of the potential risks and benefits, as well as one's own values and principles.

Question 14

Confucius taught his students a version of the Golden Rule: "What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to others." This is sometimes known as the "Silver Rule."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Atlas Shrugged can be seen as an argument for accepting altruism as the only acceptable ethical theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Glaucon claims that if we give away two invisibility rings, one to a just person and the other to an unjust person, the unjust person would take advantage of the ring, but the just person would not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A psychological egoist is a person who believes that all people look after themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 18

The Catholic Church has been relatively immune from recent increases in American cynicism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Give a brief account of the story of the Ring of Gyges. How does Glaucon use it to express a hypothesis of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The story of the Ring of Gyges comes fro...

Question 20

Who among the following advocates effective altruism, a form of charity where donations are distributed in terms of where they will do the most good?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mary Midgley
B)   Ayn Rand
C)   Peter Singer
D)   Thomas HobbesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 4: Myself or Others

Three major criticisms against psychological egoism are listed in the textbook. Which of the following should NOT be on the list?

Correct Answer
verified

Reciprocal altruism is known as Golden Rule altruism.

Correct Answer
verified

Glaucon, with his hypothesis of the two rings in the text by Plato, points to the fact that

Correct Answer
verified

The basic idea of the "Golden Rule" is found only in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast the concepts of psychological egoism and ethical egoism. Discuss arguments against them.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Psychological egoism and ethical egoism ...
View Answer

David Hume stated that before the creation of society, in the "state of nature," where people live in a perpetual state of war against one another, life is "nasty, brutish, and short," and no rules apply except that of self-preservation.

Correct Answer
verified
False

What are the three points on which Thomas Hobbes agreed with Glaucon's theory of self-interest?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Thomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English ph...
View Answer

Abraham Lincoln can be seen as a psychological egoist because regardless of how unselfishly he acted, he expressed the theory that everyone acts selfishly.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Thomas Hobbes, the reason we feel pity toward others is because

Correct Answer
verified

Thomas Hobbes believes that we are all selfish by nature. However, because right and wrong for Hobbes do not exist prior to the creation of a society, is selfishness in itself a bad thing? Why, or why not?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Thomas Hobbes' belief that humans are in...
View Answer

An egoist is defined as a person who has a very high self-opinion and whose language often consists of self-praise.

Correct Answer
verified

In the film Force Majeure, as the avalanche advances upon Ebba and her family, Tomas

Correct Answer
verified

According to Ayn Rand, when would it be morally acceptable to save a drowning person? Explain, and add your own comments.

Confucius taught his students a version of the Golden Rule: "What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to others." This is sometimes known as the "Silver Rule."

Correct Answer
verified

Atlas Shrugged can be seen as an argument for accepting altruism as the only acceptable ethical theory.

Correct Answer
verified

Glaucon claims that if we give away two invisibility rings, one to a just person and the other to an unjust person, the unjust person would take advantage of the ring, but the just person would not.

Correct Answer
verified

A psychological egoist is a person who believes that all people look after themselves.

Correct Answer
verified
True

The Catholic Church has been relatively immune from recent increases in American cynicism.

Correct Answer
verified

Give a brief account of the story of the Ring of Gyges. How does Glaucon use it to express a hypothesis of human nature?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The story of the Ring of Gyges comes fro...
View Answer

Who among the following advocates effective altruism, a form of charity where donations are distributed in terms of where they will do the most good?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Myself or Others

Three major criticisms against psychological egoism are listed in the textbook. Which of the following should NOT be on the list?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reciprocal altruism is known as Golden Rule altruism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glaucon, with his hypothesis of the two rings in the text by Plato, points to the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic idea of the "Golden Rule" is found only in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast the concepts of psychological egoism and ethical egoism. Discuss arguments against them.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIPsychological egoism and ethical egoism ...View AnswerShow Answer

David Hume stated that before the creation of society, in the "state of nature," where people live in a perpetual state of war against one another, life is "nasty, brutish, and short," and no rules apply except that of self-preservation.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

What are the three points on which Thomas Hobbes agreed with Glaucon's theory of self-interest?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English ph...View AnswerShow Answer

Abraham Lincoln can be seen as a psychological egoist because regardless of how unselfishly he acted, he expressed the theory that everyone acts selfishly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Thomas Hobbes, the reason we feel pity toward others is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas Hobbes believes that we are all selfish by nature. However, because right and wrong for Hobbes do not exist prior to the creation of a society, is selfishness in itself a bad thing? Why, or why not?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThomas Hobbes' belief that humans are in...View AnswerShow Answer

An egoist is defined as a person who has a very high self-opinion and whose language often consists of self-praise.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the film Force Majeure, as the avalanche advances upon Ebba and her family, Tomas

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Ayn Rand, when would it be morally acceptable to save a drowning person? Explain, and add your own comments.

Confucius taught his students a version of the Golden Rule: "What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to others." This is sometimes known as the "Silver Rule."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Atlas Shrugged can be seen as an argument for accepting altruism as the only acceptable ethical theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glaucon claims that if we give away two invisibility rings, one to a just person and the other to an unjust person, the unjust person would take advantage of the ring, but the just person would not.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychological egoist is a person who believes that all people look after themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

The Catholic Church has been relatively immune from recent increases in American cynicism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give a brief account of the story of the Ring of Gyges. How does Glaucon use it to express a hypothesis of human nature?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe story of the Ring of Gyges comes fro...View AnswerShow Answer

Who among the following advocates effective altruism, a form of charity where donations are distributed in terms of where they will do the most good?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Psychological egoism and ethical egoism ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Thomas Hobbes, a 17th-century English ph...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Thomas Hobbes' belief that humans are in...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
True

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The story of the Ring of Gyges comes fro...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified