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What is an example of one of the factors that shape the distribution of income in the United States?


A) your height relative to others in your age group
B) your criminal status
C) your mother and father's professions
D) your fitness habits

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Propose some principles of a new ideology that would more accurately reflect and address the current sociopolitical realities that pertain to criminality in the United States.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

One principle of a new ideology could be...

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By blaming the individual for a crime, the society is acquitted of the charge of complicity in that crime.

A) True
B) False

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How has the American criminal justice system been used throughout history to protect the interests of the powerful?


A) CEOs were allowed to indefinitely detain their employees.
B) The poor were not allowed to be released on bail.
C) Politicians could not be arrested for financial fraud.
D) Police forces were summoned to repress dissent.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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How does the Pyrrhic defeat theory explain the current state of the criminal justice system?

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Answered by ExamLex AI

The Pyrrhic defeat theory suggests that ...

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The persistent belief that the most dangerous crimes are committed by poor people is an example of one of the effects of historical inertia.

A) True
B) False

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Apply your knowledge of the "the American dream" to describe how this construction shapes the perception of success in America.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

The concept of the "American dream" has ...

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An ideology is a widely held set of beliefs that justify the status quo.

A) True
B) False

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The poor commit more crimes than the rich do.

A) True
B) False

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Analyze the role of greed in the evolution of prisons.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

The role of greed in the evolution of pr...

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Those who suffer most from the failure to reduce street crime are not in a position to change criminal justice policy.

A) True
B) False

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According to Marx, the wealthy have "control over the means of mental production." What is a contemporary example of this?


A) The wealthy directly control what is presented on television.
B) The wealthy directly control everything that is disseminated on the Internet.
C) The wealthy control all copyrights in the United States.
D) The wealthy officially censor members of the middle class.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Evaluate why the criminal justice system is allowed to function in a way that neither protects society nor achieves justice. Use specific examples from the text to support your arguments.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

The criminal justice system is allowed to function in a way that neither protects society nor achieves justice due to a variety of systemic issues and failures. One major reason for this is the prevalence of racial and socioeconomic disparities within the system. For example, studies have shown that people of color are disproportionately targeted, arrested, and incarcerated compared to their white counterparts, even when controlling for crime rates. This not only perpetuates systemic racism but also undermines the system's ability to provide equal protection and justice for all members of society. Additionally, the focus on punitive measures rather than rehabilitation and support further hinders the system's ability to protect society and achieve justice. For instance, mandatory minimum sentencing laws and the war on drugs have led to mass incarceration, particularly of non-violent offenders, without addressing the root causes of crime or providing opportunities for individuals to reintegrate into society. This approach not only fails to address the underlying issues that lead to criminal behavior but also perpetuates a cycle of recidivism, ultimately failing to protect society from future harm. Furthermore, the influence of money and politics within the criminal justice system also contributes to its failure to protect society and achieve justice. For example, the privatization of prisons has created a profit motive that incentivizes incarceration, leading to harsher sentencing and overcrowded prisons. Additionally, the influence of lobbying and campaign contributions from the prison industrial complex can lead to policies that prioritize financial gain over the well-being of society and the pursuit of justice. In conclusion, the criminal justice system is allowed to function in a way that neither protects society nor achieves justice due to systemic issues such as racial and socioeconomic disparities, a focus on punitive measures over rehabilitation, and the influence of money and politics. These issues undermine the system's ability to provide equal protection and justice for all members of society and perpetuate a cycle of harm rather than addressing the root causes of crime.

What is an example of how the identification of crime and poverty benefits the rich?


A) It provides wealthy victims with the justice they deserve.
B) It lessens the number of people in prison.
C) It proves that the wealthy are morally superior.
D) It reinforces hostility toward the poor.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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TV violence is an example of one of the elements that shapes public perception of criminal justice.

A) True
B) False

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True

The most powerful criminal justice policy makers are from the __________.


A) middle class
B) upper class
C) lower class
D) impoverished class

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Essentially, crimes of the well-to-do redistribute property among the have-nots.

A) True
B) False

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Identify specific examples to support the assertion that the criminal justice system reinforces the belief that poverty is itself a sign of poor or weak character.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

There are several specific examples that support the assertion that the criminal justice system reinforces the belief that poverty is a sign of poor or weak character. One example is the practice of cash bail, where individuals who cannot afford to pay bail are detained pretrial, while those with financial means can secure their release. This perpetuates the idea that those who are poor are more likely to be criminals and reinforces the stigma of poverty. Another example is the unequal access to legal representation. Those who cannot afford a private attorney are often assigned public defenders who may be overworked and under-resourced, leading to unequal treatment in the criminal justice system based on financial status. Additionally, the criminalization of activities associated with poverty, such as loitering or panhandling, further stigmatizes and penalizes individuals living in poverty. This reinforces the belief that poverty is a sign of poor character and criminal behavior. Overall, these examples demonstrate how the criminal justice system can perpetuate the belief that poverty is a sign of poor or weak character, leading to unequal treatment and reinforcing societal biases against those living in poverty.

In the criminal justice system, who would be most likely to benefit from the bonus of bias?


A) a black female prisoner
B) a middle-class Hispanic man
C) a poor black woman
D) a wealthy white woman

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The term "ideology" can be used in a neutral fashion to describe ___________.


A) societal threats
B) economic conditions
C) value systems
D) social deception

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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