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Exam 7: Class and Stratification in the United States.

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Question 21

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Disparities in wealth are more pronounced when compared across racial and ethnic categories. According to the Census Bureau, the net worth of the average white household in 2000 was more than __________ that of the average African American household.

A) 5 times
B) 10 times
C) 20 times
D) 25 times

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 22

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Regarding the relationship between race/ethnicity and poverty, which of the following statistical data is not accurate?

A) 50 percent of African Americans were among the officially poor in 2004
B) 8 percent of whites (non?Latinos/as) were among the officially poor in 2004
C) 22 percent of Latinos/as fell below the official poverty line in 2004
D) 33 percent of Native Americans lived below the official poverty line in 2004

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 23

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According to the social class model developed by sociologists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl, about __________ percent of the United States population is included in the underclass. Also, the chances of their children moving out of poverty are about fifty-fifty.

Outline sociologist Max Weber's multidimensional approach to social stratification and explain how people are ranked on all three dimensions.

According to the social class model developed by sociologists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl, people in the __________ are poor, seldom employed, and caught in long-term deprivation that results from low levels of education and income and high rates of unemployment.

The U.S. Social Security Administration has established an official poverty line. The poverty line is computed by __________.

In 2006, __________ million people lived below the official government poverty level of $20,794 for a family of four.

According to the social class model developed by sociologists Dennis Gilbert and Joseph Kahl, members of the __________ (about 20 percent of the U. S. population) live from just above to just below the poverty line. They typically hold unskilled jobs, seasonal migrant jobs in agriculture, lower-paid factory jobs, and service jobs (such as counter help at restaurants) .

The text points out that some people in the working class are employed in __________ occupations-relatively low-paying, non-manual, semiskilled positions primarily held by women, such as day-care workers, checkout clerks, cashiers, and waitpersons.

According to sociologist Karl Marx, continual exploitation results in workers' __________-a feeling of powerlessness and estrangement from other people and from oneself. It develops as workers manufacture goods that embody their creative talents, but the goods do not belong to them.

According to sociologist Karl Marx, when the workers realized that capitalists were the source of their oppression, they would overthrow the capitalists and their agents of social control, leading to the end of capitalism. The workers would then take over the government and create a(n) __________ society.

Summarize sociologists Dennis Gilbert's and Joseph Kahl's analysis of the class structure in the United States.

In relation to consequences of inequality, discuss how your family's social class influenced the following areas of your life when growing up: physical health, housing, education, religion, and politics.

__________ occurs when people experience movement either up or down the class structure.

India's caste system is based in part on __________, thus families typically perform the same type of work from generation to generation.

__________ poverty exists when people do not have the means to secure the most basic necessities of life.

According to sociologist Karl Marx, the __________ (working class) consists of those who must sell their labor to the owners in order to earn enough money to survive.

__________ attempt to determine what degree of control that workers have over the decision-making process and the extent to which they are able to plan and implement their own work.

Summarize global systems of stratification.

Critics of the living wage concept argue that a living wage requirement, or even an increase in the federal minimum wage will lead to all except: