Question 1

In one conceptualization of emotions (Davidson et al. ,1990) ,some emotional states such as happiness and surprise create a tendency to ________,whereas other emotional states such as fear and disgust create a tendency to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  approach / withdraw
B)  withdraw / approach
C)  assess directly / assess indirectly
D)  assess indirectly / assess directlyE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that the recognition of the six basic facial expressions of emotion is processed in the amygdala.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact in learning and memory? Under what conditions will the amygdala play a role in hippocampus-based learning? Under what conditions will it not?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus and amygdala both play c...

Question 4

Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not produce a full range of facial expressions.
B)  They are impaired at perceiving a small range of facial expressions.
C)  They are unable to recognize emotional prosody.
D)  All of the above.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

A double dissociation has been demonstrated between people with damage to the ________,who show impairment in the explicit or declarative aspects of fear conditioning,and people with damage to the ________,who show impairment in the implicit or nondeclarative aspects of fear conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe / hippocampus
B)  hippocampus / amygdala
C)  amygdala / basal ganglia
D)  basal ganglia / frontal lobeE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

One laboratory measure that can be used to record implicit physiological reactions to emotionally aversive stimuli is the

Accepted Answer

A)  positive and negative affect scale.
B)  somatic marker method.
C)  skin conductance response.
D)  task-switching paradigm.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and emotional learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses,regardless of whether the initial learning was implicit or explicit.
B)  The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was implicit.
C)  The amygdala plays a role in the expression of fear responses only when the initial learning was explicit.
D)  The amygdala does not play a role in the expression of fear responses but does play a role in their acquisition.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The mechanism through which the amygdala modulates hippocampus-based learning may be related to the observation that

Accepted Answer

A)  arousing stimuli decay less quickly than nonarousing stimuli do.
B)  arousing stimuli decay more quickly than nonarousing stimuli do.
C)  arousing stimuli are more likely to create interference effects.
D)  arousing stimuli are less likely to create interference effects.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

What are some functions of the amygdala in emotional processing? In your answer,describe two experiments that illustrate the conditions in which the amygdala does (or does not)play a role.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala plays a critical role in em...

Question 10

How might you investigate the assertion that basic facial expressions of emotion are universal,rather than being culturally relative? Describe an experiment that might inform this issue.

Accepted Answer

One way to investigate the assertion tha...

Question 11

When someone is emotionally aroused,the hippocampus plays a modulatory role in strengthening the consolidation of amygdala-based memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 12

One theory of emotion and the brain from the mid-20th century implicated the hypothalamus,anterior thalamus,cingulate gyrus,and hippocampus.These structures were later named the ________ circuit.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lazarus
B)  Zajonc
C)  MacLean
D)  PapezE) B) and C)
F) All of the above D

Question 13

The amygdala consists of several subnuclei.During fear conditioning,information converges on the ________ of the amygdala and from there projects to the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral nucleus / central nucleus
B)  central nucleus / lateral nucleus
C)  lateral geniculate nucleus / medial geniculate nucleus
D)  medial geniculate nucleus / lateral geniculate nucleusE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is a way in which the amygdala interacts with hippocampus-dependent memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibiting the parahippocampal cortex during encoding of emotional memories
B)  Encoding the temporal relationship between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
C)  Filtering emotional stimuli and preventing the hippocampus from processing them
D)  Enhancing the strength of explicit or declarative memories for emotional eventsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following results best supports the notion that the amygdala modulates the consolidation of hippocampus-based memories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hippocampus-based learning occurs only if the learner is not experiencing stress or arousal.
B)  Modulation of hippocampus-based learning occurs only if the learner is stressed or aroused.
C)  Modulation of hippocampus-based learning by arousal occurs only if the arousal is initiated prior to learning.
D)  Modulation of hippocampus-based learning by arousal occurs after the initial encoding of the task,during retention.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D) D

Question 16

The human orbitofrontal cortex can be divided into two regions: the ________ and the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventromedial prefrontal cortex / lateral orbitofrontal cortex
B)  lateral orbitofrontal cortex / anterior cingulate cortex
C)  anterior cingulate cortex / frontal operculum
D)  frontal operculum / ventromedial prefrontal cortexE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The role of the amygdala in emotion and memory has been studied using a form of classical conditioning known as fear conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Papez circuit includes the hypothalamus,anterior thalamus,cingulated gyrus,and hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The role of the amygdala in learning to respond to stimuli that have come to represent adversive events through fear conditioning is primarily implicit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The implicit association test (IAT) measures the degree to which social groups are automatically associated with positive and negative evaluations.Which of the following is FALSE regarding this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  One variant of the test examines attitudes toward different racial groups.
B)  The primary measures of this test are response latencies.
C)  The IAT is designed to reflect declarative memories.
D)  Part of this test involves categorizing words as good or bad.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 9: Emotion

In one conceptualization of emotions (Davidson et al. ,1990) ,some emotional states such as happiness and surprise create a tendency to ________,whereas other emotional states such as fear and disgust create a tendency to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence from cognitive neuroscience suggests that the recognition of the six basic facial expressions of emotion is processed in the amygdala.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do the hippocampus and amygdala interact in learning and memory? Under what conditions will the amygdala play a role in hippocampus-based learning? Under what conditions will it not?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe hippocampus and amygdala both play c...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A double dissociation has been demonstrated between people with damage to the ________,who show impairment in the explicit or declarative aspects of fear conditioning,and people with damage to the ________,who show impairment in the implicit or nondeclarative aspects of fear conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One laboratory measure that can be used to record implicit physiological reactions to emotionally aversive stimuli is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding the amygdala and emotional learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mechanism through which the amygdala modulates hippocampus-based learning may be related to the observation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are some functions of the amygdala in emotional processing? In your answer,describe two experiments that illustrate the conditions in which the amygdala does (or does not)play a role.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe amygdala plays a critical role in em...View AnswerShow Answer

How might you investigate the assertion that basic facial expressions of emotion are universal,rather than being culturally relative? Describe an experiment that might inform this issue.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne way to investigate the assertion tha...View AnswerShow Answer

When someone is emotionally aroused,the hippocampus plays a modulatory role in strengthening the consolidation of amygdala-based memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

One theory of emotion and the brain from the mid-20th century implicated the hypothalamus,anterior thalamus,cingulate gyrus,and hippocampus.These structures were later named the ________ circuit.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The amygdala consists of several subnuclei.During fear conditioning,information converges on the ________ of the amygdala and from there projects to the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a way in which the amygdala interacts with hippocampus-dependent memories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following results best supports the notion that the amygdala modulates the consolidation of hippocampus-based memories?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The human orbitofrontal cortex can be divided into two regions: the ________ and the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of the amygdala in emotion and memory has been studied using a form of classical conditioning known as fear conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Papez circuit includes the hypothalamus,anterior thalamus,cingulated gyrus,and hippocampus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of the amygdala in learning to respond to stimuli that have come to represent adversive events through fear conditioning is primarily implicit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The implicit association test (IAT) measures the degree to which social groups are automatically associated with positive and negative evaluations.Which of the following is FALSE regarding this test?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one conceptualization of emotions (Davidson et al. ,1990) ,some emotional states such as happiness and surprise create a tendency to ,whereas other emotional states such as fear and disgust create a tendency to .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The hippocampus and amygdala both play c...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

A double dissociation has been demonstrated between people with damage to the ,who show impairment in the explicit or declarative aspects of fear conditioning,and people with damage to the ,who show impairment in the implicit or nondeclarative aspects of fear conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The amygdala plays a critical role in em...
View Answer

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One way to investigate the assertion tha...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified
D

The amygdala consists of several subnuclei.During fear conditioning,information converges on the of the amygdala and from there projects to the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

The human orbitofrontal cortex can be divided into two regions: the and the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified