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Nicola Nicola   e maintained successful economic growth in Romania after declaring independence from the west and the east. e maintained successful economic growth in Romania after declaring independence from the west and the east.

A) True
B) False

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False

Postmodernism was


A) embraced by some intellectuals struggling to reconcile polar opposites in society.
B) rejected as a semantic argument.
C) struggling to overcome a linguistic bias that presupposed understanding.
D) dismissed as being flawed in logic.
E) none of these.

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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The last western European country to decriminalize abortion was


A) France.
B) Italy.
C) Belgium.
D) Spain.
E) Austria.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which was the first Soviet country that was able to leave the Soviet Union?


A) Lithuani
B) Georgia
C) Ukraine
D) Uzbekistan
E) Moldavia

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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A

Havel's best-known act of opposition was


A) standing in front of the tanks during the Prague Spring.
B) going into exile in the United States.
C) self-immolation.
D) coauthoring Charter 77.
E) leading a hunger strike in Wencelas Square.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Which nation was not welcomed into the Common Market in the 1980s?


A) Spain
B) Greece
C) Britain.
D) Portugal.
E) All nations were welcome.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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What was the left wing terrorist organization that invoked radical action in Italy?


A) Christian Democrats
B) Black Shirts
C) Carbonari
D) Red Brigade
E) Ordino Nuov

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Postmodern thought believed that political reform could only be accomplished from within,as those were the only observers who truly understood it.

A) True
B) False

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The signs that communism was weakening in the 1980s included


A) inflation and underproduction.
B) brutal repression of anticommunist protests in the satellite states.
C) aid to the underground from those in official state positions.
D) strikes among unhappy trade unions over the cost of living.
E) all of these.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The Velvet Revolution brought down the communist Czechoslovakian government.

A) True
B) False

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The first democratically elected president in Russia was


A) Mikhail Gorbachev.
B) Boris Yeltsin.
C) Vladimir Putin.
D) Maxim Litvinov.
E) Andrei Sakharov.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The German chancellor who sought normalization of relations between East and West Germany was


A) Helmut Kohl.
B) Helmut Schmidt.
C) Konrad Adenauer.
D) Willy Brandt.
E) Angela Merckel.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Lec Lec   h was notable for A)  coauthoring Charter 77 with Václav Havel. B)  organizing strikes in the   shipyards. C)  being a Soviet dissident who was under house arrest until 1989. D)  being murdered by the Cheka for political activities. E)  initiating a program known as glasnost. h was notable for


A) coauthoring Charter 77 with Václav Havel.
B) organizing strikes in the Lec   h was notable for A)  coauthoring Charter 77 with Václav Havel. B)  organizing strikes in the   shipyards. C)  being a Soviet dissident who was under house arrest until 1989. D)  being murdered by the Cheka for political activities. E)  initiating a program known as glasnost. shipyards.
C) being a Soviet dissident who was under house arrest until 1989.
D) being murdered by the Cheka for political activities.
E) initiating a program known as glasnost.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Women gained a significant foothold on the election to European and national offices in the period between 1970─1990.

A) True
B) False

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How did Pope John Paul II influence the decline of communism in Poland?

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The decline of communism in Poland occur...

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Which of the following were key features of the sexual revolution in the late twentieth century?


A) Increased openness about homosexuality
B) Increased availability of birth control allowing women freedom of choice in sexual relations
C) Decreased birthrates throughout Europe
D) Its portrayal in pop culture
E) All of these

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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What was Ostpolitik?


A) The policy that forced East Germany to remain culturally isolated from West Germany.
B) A means of reconciling West Germany's policies with the Communist East German government.
C) The perpetuation of the arms race between East and West.
D) A cultural program that elevated Eastern Germany sports, academics, and arts above the West.
E) The law that students in East Germany could temporarily study "abroad" in Western European nations.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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The exception to religious decline was found as an expression of political unity in which countries?


A) Poland and Romania
B) Russia and Serbia
C) Greece and Serbia
D) Poland and Ireland
E) Ireland and Greece

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Gorbachev's failure to restrict nationalism was seen as a part of


A) glasnost.
B) the reversal of the Brezhnev doctrine.
C) a refusal to submit to disengagement strategies.
D) his inability to repress strikes in Poland.
E) his concession that communism was no longer viable.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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To what extent were the changes in religion due to the changes in postmodern society?

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Postmodernism questioned the place of progress and western civilization in the modern world,and certainly seemed to tap into a sentiment of isolation or alienation from the conflicts and materialism therein.Many sought spiritual enlightenment,and at the same time,there was a marked process of secularization and move away from traditional religion.Two notable exceptions to the variance from traditional religion were found in Ireland and Poland,each with heavy Catholic contingencies in which religious affiliation was intricately intertwined with national identity.Others felt that the overly complex nature of the world,with its media saturation,increased sexualization,and decrease in traditional family structures,served as a motivation for many to find a reconnection to the spiritual realm.

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