Question 1

After 1260, much of the territory of modern-day Russia was under the control of the
​
 ​

Accepted Answer

A)   Chaghatai Empire.
B)   Sultanate of Delhi.
C)   Khanate of the Golden Horde.
D)   Ilkhanid Empire.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Why was the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council's measures against illegitimate births less than council members had hoped?

Accepted Answer

A)   Illegitimacy rates continued to soar despite the council's measures.
B)   Local political leaders ignored and failed to enforce these measures.
C)   Local religious leaders rarely received word of these measures because of poor systems of communication and transportation.
D)   Pope Innocent III himself took offense at the measures and challenged the legitimacy of the very council that he had convened.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Some women for whom religion was the center of their lives

Accepted Answer

A)   responded to the church's teachings by confining themselves to their homes in imitation of religious recluses.
B)   lived together in residences called hermitages and cared for the homeless.
C)   implored their bishops to allow them to become ordained as priests.
D)   took the Fourth Lateran Council's pronouncement literally and ate nothing but the Eucharist.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

What did the term inquisition originally mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Investigation
B)   Interrogation
C)   Torture
D)   PunishmentE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) was called by Pope Innocent III to clarify church doctrine. How did it contribute to the development of inquisitions? Whom did inquisitions target, and what did they do to their victims?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi...

Question 6

What intellectual goal was shared by medieval scholastics?

Accepted Answer

A)   To show that knowledge gained through the senses and reason was compatible with that gained from revelation
B)   To create as many universities as possible in order to disseminate knowledge to a wider range of people rather than just to clerics
C)   To increase literacy rates throughout the population, including the majority of peasants
D)   To demonstrate that knowledge gained from a reading of scriptures was necessarily superior to that gained from empirical observationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

What factor allowed Marco Polo and other traders to reach China in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Mongols had conquered most of the East and were willing to grant Westerners access to China.
B)   The crusader armies had conquered much of the Middle East, thereby giving Westerners access to the overland trade routes to the Far East.
C)   The growing power of the papacy gave Western merchants and missionaries the financial resources necessary to undertake such long journeys.
D)   The Chinese emperors sent envoys to the West to invite merchants to visit the royal court.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which statement best characterizes the views of most medieval scholastics, including Thomas Aquinas?

Accepted Answer

A)   Human reason can only flow from truths emanating from divine illumination.
B)   Since the world is orderly, human beings can understand many parts of it through rational thought.
C)   God bestowed only certain individuals with the ability to understand the world and endowed them with a mission of enlightenment.
D)   Our knowledge of things is but a pale representation of eternal truths or forms.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The French king Philip IV (Philip the Fair)  wanted to tax the French clergy to finance which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   A war with Edward I of England
B)   A new crusade
C)   A dowry to give Blanche of Castile
D)   A crusade against the MongolsE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following happened during the Great Famine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Political leaders were more effective than the church in responding to the disaster.
B)   Peasants fled the affected areas by migrating westward to France.
C)   Peasants resisted heavy taxes imposed by rulers.
D)   The initial crop failure was caused by a plague of locusts.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The Fourth Lateran Council promoted the doctrine of transubstantiation, which referred to that moment in

Accepted Answer

A)   the sacrament of baptism in which the holy water was transformed into salvation.
B)   the sacrament of confession in which sins were forgiven.
C)   the sacrament of communion in which the bread and wine were changed into the body and blood of Christ.
D)   the sacrament of marriage in which the man and wife ceased being one and were forever joined together.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is evidence that the message of mendicant friars preaching in towns, cities, and villages was enthusiastically received?

Accepted Answer

A)   Peasants entering orders such as the Franciscans
B)   Laity who consciously modeled their lives after those of the friars
C)   Laypeople volunteering for crusades both at home and abroad
D)   Laity who set out to raise money for the churchE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

What is scholasticism and what are some of the characteristics of scholastics? Who were the scholastics most inspired by, and who became the most famous scholastic? Explain the work of the most famous scholastic and how this style of work impacted society overall.

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi...

Question 14

What factor may have pushed the Mongols on to the path of aggressive expansion in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)   A change in climate that reduced the amount of grassland available for grazing
B)   An invasion by the Chinese that robbed the Mongols of their homeland
C)   Conversion to Islam, as a result of which the Mongols desired to repay the Europeans for the crusades
D)   The desire to take over the wealth of western EuropeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Although Louis IX was generally supportive of the papacy, he simultaneously maintained the monarchy's independence from ecclesiastical authority, as exemplified by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   His insistence that his opinion on the appointment of bishops carry the same weight as that of the pope
B)   His rejection of the pope's insistence that all church properties be made tax exempt
C)   His refusal to support the church's sentences of excommunication unless he was able to judge the merits of each case for himself
D)   His defense and retention of a minister whom the church had accused of being an AlbigensianE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which scholastic denied that human reason could be used to find God, proposing instead that human reason was dependent on divine illumination?

Accepted Answer

A)   John Duns Scotus
B)   Dante Alighieri
C)   Giotto
D)   St. Thomas AquinasE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

How did Pope Innocent try to realize his vision of the papacy as the supreme lawmaker and of law as an instrument of moral reform?

Accepted Answer

A)   He convened and presided over a church council that attempted to regulate all aspects of Christian life.
B)   He excommunicated those secular rulers who refused to accept his vision and yield on the issue of lay investiture.
C)   He directly intervened in the growing conflict between English and French kings over the disputed territory of Aquitaine.
D)   He declared his supremacy over the patriarch of the Greek Orthodox church and ordered the leaders of the Fourth Crusade to sack and plunder Constantinople.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

In the thirteenth century, papal attempts to bring all of Christian Europe under the guidance of the pope suffered severe challenges. Describe the ways in which several thirteenth-century popes attempted to assert and define their power. How did these attempts conflict with the goals of the German emperor Frederick II and the French king Philip the Fair? By the end of the century, how had these struggles affected the positions of the pope, the German emperor, and the French king?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include the followi...

Question 19

The Fourth Lateran Council required that Jews

Accepted Answer

A)   convert to Christianity.
B)   pay a special tax in exchange for toleration of their religion.
C)   abandon the profession of moneylending or usury.
D)   wear distinguishing clothing so they could be easily identified.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Most European parliaments had their roots in

Accepted Answer

A)   village assemblies that included peasants, nobles, and the clergy.
B)   ad hoc advisory sessions that kings held with the nobility and the clergy.
C)   church councils that consisted of lay and clerical representatives.
D)   local militias.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Exam 12: The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

After 1260, much of the territory of modern-day Russia was under the control of the

Correct Answer
verified

Most European parliaments had their roots in

Correct Answer
verified

Which scholastic denied that human reason could be used to find God, proposing instead that human reason was dependent on divine illumination?

Correct Answer
verified

What factor allowed Marco Polo and other traders to reach China in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Answer would ideally include the followi...
View Answer

The Fourth Lateran Council required that Jews

Correct Answer
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What is scholasticism and what are some of the characteristics of scholastics? Who were the scholastics most inspired by, and who became the most famous scholastic? Explain the work of the most famous scholastic and how this style of work impacted society overall.

Correct Answer
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Answer would ideally include the followi...
View Answer

The French king Philip IV (Philip the Fair) wanted to tax the French clergy to finance which of the following?

Correct Answer
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Some women for whom religion was the center of their lives

Correct Answer
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How did Pope Innocent try to realize his vision of the papacy as the supreme lawmaker and of law as an instrument of moral reform?

Correct Answer
verified

The Fourth Lateran Council promoted the doctrine of transubstantiation, which referred to that moment in

Correct Answer
verified

Why was the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council's measures against illegitimate births less than council members had hoped?

Correct Answer
verified

What intellectual goal was shared by medieval scholastics?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following happened during the Great Famine?

Correct Answer
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Although Louis IX was generally supportive of the papacy, he simultaneously maintained the monarchy's independence from ecclesiastical authority, as exemplified by which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is evidence that the message of mendicant friars preaching in towns, cities, and villages was enthusiastically received?

Correct Answer
verified

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) was called by Pope Innocent III to clarify church doctrine. How did it contribute to the development of inquisitions? Whom did inquisitions target, and what did they do to their victims?

Correct Answer
verified
Answer would ideally include the followi...
View Answer

What did the term inquisition originally mean?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement best characterizes the views of most medieval scholastics, including Thomas Aquinas?

Correct Answer
verified

What factor may have pushed the Mongols on to the path of aggressive expansion in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: The Medieval Synthesis and Its Cracks, 1215-1340

After 1260, much of the territory of modern-day Russia was under the control of the ​ ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most European parliaments had their roots in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which scholastic denied that human reason could be used to find God, proposing instead that human reason was dependent on divine illumination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor allowed Marco Polo and other traders to reach China in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include the followi...View AnswerShow Answer

The Fourth Lateran Council required that Jews

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What is scholasticism and what are some of the characteristics of scholastics? Who were the scholastics most inspired by, and who became the most famous scholastic? Explain the work of the most famous scholastic and how this style of work impacted society overall.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include the followi...View AnswerShow Answer

The French king Philip IV (Philip the Fair) wanted to tax the French clergy to finance which of the following?

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Some women for whom religion was the center of their lives

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Pope Innocent try to realize his vision of the papacy as the supreme lawmaker and of law as an instrument of moral reform?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Fourth Lateran Council promoted the doctrine of transubstantiation, which referred to that moment in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why was the impact of the Fourth Lateran Council's measures against illegitimate births less than council members had hoped?

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What intellectual goal was shared by medieval scholastics?

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Which of the following happened during the Great Famine?

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Although Louis IX was generally supportive of the papacy, he simultaneously maintained the monarchy's independence from ecclesiastical authority, as exemplified by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is evidence that the message of mendicant friars preaching in towns, cities, and villages was enthusiastically received?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) was called by Pope Innocent III to clarify church doctrine. How did it contribute to the development of inquisitions? Whom did inquisitions target, and what did they do to their victims?

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswer would ideally include the followi...View AnswerShow Answer

What did the term inquisition originally mean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best characterizes the views of most medieval scholastics, including Thomas Aquinas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor may have pushed the Mongols on to the path of aggressive expansion in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After 1260, much of the territory of modern-day Russia was under the control of the

Correct Answer
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Answer would ideally include the followi...
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Answer would ideally include the followi...
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Answer would ideally include the followi...
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