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Exam 2: Methods for Studying Animal Behavior

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Question 1

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Phylogenies are most often associated with which of the following?

A) The observational method
B) The comparative method
C) The experimental method
D) Morgan's canon
E) Behaviorism

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Question 2

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Mathematical models allow researchers to make different predictions by varying assumptions. Which of the following parameters was an assumption varied by Lima, Valone, & Caraco (1985) in their model of squirrel food carrying?

A) Fitness increases with energy intake rate
B) Individuals vary in their mating behavior
C) Movement speed varies with the type of predator
D) Fitness increases as more time is spent away from trees
E) Female and male behavior differ

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Question 3

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Ethograms are most often associated with which of the following?

A researcher has found variation in courtship dancing behavior among closely related species. She has determined that simple courtship dances are the ancestral form of the trait, while complex courtship dances are derived. This research approach is an example of which of the following?

What two assumptions are made in Lima, Valone & Caraco's model about fitness of squirrels while they feed for food? What two predictions does the model make?

A research study quantifies the fitness of individuals that defend territories of different size and finds that individuals that defend a territory of 10 m² have the highest fitness. This is example of:

Which of the following is NOT true about sister species?

Clark, Roberts, and Uetz (2012) demonstrated that field-caught males are attracted to the displays of other males while lab-reared adults raised in isolation were not. What kinds of social interactions may be required for a male to be attracted to the display behavior of a rival male?

Which of the following best describes the results from this graph of mean duration of male spider chemoexplore from Uetz et al.'s research on spiders? a. There was no effect of visual cues on male behavior b. There was no effect of seismic cues on male behavior c. There was no effect of multimodal cues on male behavior d. There was no effect of any experimental treatment on male behavior

In lieu of working directly with animals, a researcher uses a computer model to examine how variation in resource distribution might affect territoriality. Which of the following applies to this research with respect to the 3 Rs of ethical standards in research?

Describe two fundamental differences between the primary and secondary scientific literature.

Scientific World is a publication that covers groundbreaking events in science and technology. Which of the following would NOT be useful in determining whether this is an example of primary or secondary literature?

Explain the rationale of using two different controls in the study of jumping behavior of tadpoles conducted by De Sousa and Rossa-Ferres.

A researcher conducts an experiment in which she exposes individuals to one of three treatments that manipulate nutritional status of an individual. Individuals are fed diets that differ in calories (low-, medium-, and high-calorie diets) , and the size of territories defended by individuals is recorded. Which of the following statements about this work is correct?

In Roberts et al.'s (2006) experimental test of the hypothesis that male wolf spiders use the behavior of nearby males to find receptive females, what did they compare?

Explain how each of the three R's lessens the negative effects of research on animals.

The term "control group" is associated with: