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Exam 8: Social Disorganization Theory

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Question 21

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Define social capital. What value does this concept have when studying crime in a particular area? How might social capital be increased in an area that appears to be lacking?

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Social capital refers to the networks, r...

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Question 22

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Among the following, which constitutes the best measure of Shaw and McKay's concept of social disorganization?

A) neighborhood poverty levels
B) rates of residential mobility
C) population density
D) unemployment rates
E) levels of community supervision of children

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Whose works were some of the first to base criminological theory from empirical data?

Certain areas of cities have very high crime rates consistently from one decade to the next, regardless of the changing racial and ethnic composition of the inhabitants of these areas. Discuss this finding in light of Shaw and McKay's theoretical perspective.

Social disorganization theory proposes that crime results when formal and informal systems of sanctions break down to the point that the benefits of crime exceed its costs.

Social disorganization theory of crime and delinquency was developed by sociologists at Columbia University who were searching for an explanation of the high crime rates in Manhattan.

How many zones are in the theory developed by Burgess?

Recent explications of social disorganization theory by Bursik, Sampson, and others suggest that social disorganization causes crime indirectly by undermining informal control systems within neighborhoods and communities.

Code of the street asserts that social disorganization fosters a social cohesion that acts as a form of control to prevent the use of violence.

The Chicago Area Project:

According to evaluation of the MTO program, relocating youth out of socially disorganized neighborhoods did not lead to noticeable reductions in violent arrests.

How does the macro approach of social disorganization differ from micro approaches that examine individuals?

Social disorganization theory views social disorganization not only as a cause of crime but also a cause of drug addiction, alcoholism, and mental illness.

Discuss the Chicago Area Project, Midcity Project, and Mobilization for Youth project. Indicate the principal theoretical basis for the projects, describe what programs and activities were put in place in the projects, and review what problems or difficulties were encountered by the projects. Were any studies done to evaluate the effectiveness of the projects? If so, what were the outcomes or conclusions of those evaluations?