Question 1

According to federal regulations and ethical guidelines of professional societies such as the American Sociological Association,

Accepted Answer

A)   researchers should use all possible means to protect the confidentiality of information provided by research participants.
B)   study results should be revealed during the debriefing session.
C)   subjects should not be informed of the use of deception if this revelation will be harmful or unpleasant.
D)   subjects may be informed that they cannot discontinue their participation once they have volunteered to participate in research.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Laud Humphreys's study of male homosexual behavior was ethically questionable because he

Accepted Answer

A)   coerced his subjects into performing illegal acts.
B)   invaded his subjects' privacy.
C)   risked doing physical harm to his subjects.
D)   tampered with study results.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Social scientists are ethically obligated to consider how their findings may be used by others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

According to the text, it is desirable for social scientists to maintain a "value-free" ideology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Professional codes state that researchers should avoid advocating particular policies such as legislation supporting same-sex marriage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In studies in which research participants' identities are known to the researcher, such as participation observation research, the principal way to protect their privacy is to

Accepted Answer

A)   ensure anonymity.
B)   ensure confidentiality.
C)   ensure both anonymity and confidentiality.
D)   back up the data.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is not true regarding ethics and research ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ethics are guidelines or standards for moral conduct.
B)   Research ethics involves the application of ethical principles to scientific research.
C)   Throughout history, considerations of research ethics have coincided with the development of new scientific methods.
D)   The development of professional ethical codes for scientific research occurred relatively recently following the revelation of atrocities committed by German scientists during World War II.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

According to present ethical guidelines, research that may cause harm to participants simply should never be done.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Debriefing is most effectively carried out by writing to research participants after they have had time to think about their participation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The Tuskegee syphilis study was ethically problematic because

Accepted Answer

A)   participants were exposed to a deadly contagious disease.
B)   the researchers made false promises that participants' disease was treatable.
C)   the researchers offered participants nothing in return for their participation.
D)   it violated the principle of informed consent.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Currently, one argument against the use of deception in social research is that

Accepted Answer

A)   federal ethical guidelines make it almost impossible to use.
B)   research participants strongly resent its use.
C)   it is unnecessary because research participants respond honestly when they know the true purpose of a study.
D)   its known use makes participants suspicious, which may affect how they act in an experiment.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Research on the effects of deception and debriefing indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   debriefing seldom can undo the harmful effects of deceiving subjects.
B)   the effectiveness of debriefing depends on whether informed consent was obtained.
C)   the effectiveness of debriefing depends on whether subjects experienced emotional or physical distress during the experiment.
D)   deceived subjects may report a more positive research experience than subjects who were not deceived.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The main function of institutional review boards (IRBs) is to hear cases of scientific misconduct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which Belmont principle requires fair procedures in the selection of research participants?

Accepted Answer

A)   respect for persons
B)   beneficence
C)   justice
D)   securityE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Ethical codes require the timely debriefing of research participants whenever the research involves deception.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

According to current ethical standards, such as those of the APA and ASA, deception is disallowed under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)   The study involves substantial risk of harm or distress.
B)   There is no guarantee of obtaining statistically significant results.
C)   Divulging the use of deception might offend participants.
D)   The topic of the study involves illegal or dishonest behavior.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of debriefing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ideally, it should occur in all studies with human subjects.
B)   It is best to debrief subjects as soon after their participation as possible.
C)   When it is done, it should be relatively brief to minimize subjects' discomfort from knowing that they have been duped.
D)   Research indicates that it is effective if done properly.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Deception in social research often is justified, provided that the research includes an adequate debriefing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Reporting fraudulent results hurts only the individual scientist who did the reporting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The Common Rule

Accepted Answer

A)   states that you always should do unto others as you expect them to do unto you.
B)   states that research should always provide material benefits to participants.
C)   applies to research at nearly every college and university in the U.S.
D)   was written primarily for the social and behavioral sciences.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 3: Research Ethics

Which of the following is not true regarding ethics and research ethics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deception in social research often is justified, provided that the research includes an adequate debriefing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Laud Humphreys's study of male homosexual behavior was ethically questionable because he

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to current ethical standards, such as those of the APA and ASA, deception is disallowed under which of the following conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Debriefing is most effectively carried out by writing to research participants after they have had time to think about their participation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethical codes require the timely debriefing of research participants whenever the research involves deception.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of debriefing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Currently, one argument against the use of deception in social research is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social scientists are ethically obligated to consider how their findings may be used by others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In studies in which research participants' identities are known to the researcher, such as participation observation research, the principal way to protect their privacy is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Tuskegee syphilis study was ethically problematic because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which Belmont principle requires fair procedures in the selection of research participants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main function of institutional review boards (IRBs) is to hear cases of scientific misconduct.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to present ethical guidelines, research that may cause harm to participants simply should never be done.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Common Rule

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the effects of deception and debriefing indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, it is desirable for social scientists to maintain a "value-free" ideology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to federal regulations and ethical guidelines of professional societies such as the American Sociological Association,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professional codes state that researchers should avoid advocating particular policies such as legislation supporting same-sex marriage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reporting fraudulent results hurts only the individual scientist who did the reporting.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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