Question 1

The physical attractiveness of a spokesmodel will have the greatest effect if the product endorsed is

Accepted Answer

A)   life insurance.
B)   clothing-related.
C)   birth control.
D)   an insecticide.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Implicit Association Tests (IAT's)  can detect implicit attitudes by measuring

Accepted Answer

A)   the participants' mood after responding to word pairings.
B)   the time it takes participants to complete the whole test.
C)   participants' facial muscles as they are exposed to positive or negative stimuli.
D)   the speed at which participants associate stimuli with a positive or negative word.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following concerning the use of fear appeals is not supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fear appeals may motivate change by increasing the incentive to think carefully about the arguments in the message.
B)   Fear appeals are generally less effective than messages that do not provoke fear.
C)   Fear appeals are most effective when they include specific information on how to avoid the threat.
D)   Fear arousal may reduce the ability of already fearful message recipients to carefully process a message.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the central route to persuasion is false ?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is more commonly used by advertisers in collectivist cultures (e.g., Korea)  than it is by advertisers in individualistic cultures (e.g., the United States) .
B)   It leads audience members to be more influenced by a two-sided argument than a one-sided argument.
C)   It is a more thoughtful process than the peripheral route.
D)   It renders the quality of arguments more important than the quantity of arguments.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

All of the following factors can distinguish strong from weak attitudes except

Accepted Answer

A)   the personal relevance of the issue.
B)   the importance of the issue to family and friends.
C)   the amount of perceived behavioral control.
D)   the extent to which the issue concerns important values.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Shaniqua plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements. She is using

Accepted Answer

A)   a Likert scale.
B)   the luncheon technique.
C)   a categorical matrix.
D)   an agreement index.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion. One day he meets Celine at a party. She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD. In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes towards Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD?

Accepted Answer

A)   She holds a gun to his head, forcing him to listen to it.
B)   She offers him a coupon for 10% off his next dry cleaning order in exchange for listening to it.
C)   He decides to read suggestive passages aloud from a romantic novel while listening to it.
D)   She tells him to suppress his negative thoughts about her while he listens to it.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following concerning the impact of body movements on persuasion is true ?

Accepted Answer

A)   People who nod their heads up and down express greater agreement with a persuasive message than those who nod their heads side to side.
B)   Stimuli associated with stretching the arms outward are rated more positively than those associated with flexing the arms inward.
C)   Nodding the head side to side makes people more likely to engage in central route processing than does nodding the head up and down.
D)   Stretching the arms outward makes people less likely to engage in central route processing than does flexing the arms inward.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The primary difference between the models of persuasion proposed by Hovland and McGuire and that proposed by Greenwald is that Greenwald's model

Accepted Answer

A)   does not allow for central route processing.
B)   emphasizes the role of elaboration in producing persuasion.
C)   does not include reception as one of the information-processing steps in persuasion.
D)   proposes that memory of message content is the most important determinant of persuasion.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The mirrors in shopping malls may reduce shoplifting because

Accepted Answer

A)   shoppers are distracted by seeing their reflections, which makes them less likely to behave in accord with their positive attitudes toward shoplifting.
B)   people focus on the image they see and their negative attitudes toward shoplifting are weakened.
C)   mirrors create a sense of luxury invoking the "you get what you pay for" heuristic.
D)   mirrors increase self-awareness, which makes negative attitudes toward shoplifting accessible.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive dissonance.
B)   psychological reactance.
C)   forewarning.
D)   the inoculation hypothesis.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Tsuyoshi has positive implicit attitudes about himself. We know this because on an Implicit Association Test, he was quickest to associate ________ with photos of himself.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive words
B)   negative words
C)   male faces
D)   female facesE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Abby compliments Sharon on her new outfit, despite thinking it is not flattering at all. According to the "new look" at dissonance theory,

Accepted Answer

A)   Abby must feel physiological arousal after her lie in order to feel cognitive dissonance.
B)   Abby will feel dissonance because she felt her only choice was to flatter Sharon when Sharon asked her "How do I look?"
C)   Abby will not feel dissonance because Sharon's outfit is not personally important to Abby.
D)   Abby will come to believe that Sharon's outfit is flattering in the same way that an observer might infer Abby's attitude from her behavior.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Explain how both the cognitive content and emotional content of a message affect its persuasiveness. Be sure to discuss the relationship of both types of content to the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive content of a message has i...

Question 15

Which of the following is not supported by social psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Situational factors can bring attitudes into awareness.
B)   Attitude similarity among twins raised apart is as high as attitude similarity among twins raised together.
C)   People feel more strongly about an object when the attitude is based on direct experience.
D)   Attitude-behavior consistency is unrelated to knowledge about the attitude object.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following best summarizes the results of research regarding the effectiveness of subliminal self-help tapes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Subliminal messages delivered verbally have a powerful and long-lasting impact on behavior.
B)   The content of subliminal self-help tapes is the best predictor of their effectiveness.
C)   Beliefs about the content of the tapes produce both perceived and actual behavioral changes.
D)   Beliefs about the content of the tapes produce perceived but not actual behavioral changes.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Identify and explain the process whereby the source of a message gradually loses its impact over time.

Accepted Answer

This process, known as the sleeper effec...

Question 18

The phenomenon of insufficient justification does not support

Accepted Answer

A)   the notion that people strive for cognitive consistency.
B)   the assumption that larger rewards produce greater change.
C)   the self-perception interpretation of cognitive dissonance.
D)   the hypothesis that cognitive dissonance requires negative consequences.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

People high in need for cognition are

Accepted Answer

A)   more likely to process a message along the central route.
B)   most persuaded by image-oriented appeals.
C)   more likely to agree with a message if they are in a good mood.
D)   more persuaded by the reputation and appearance of the source.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following situations should prompt the least decisional dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Though he would rather be playing football with his friends, Wyatt decides to start his 20-page philosophy paper rather than his 25-page history paper.
B)   Elmer likes both duck and rabbit, but he decides to order the rabbit for dinner.
C)   Audrey doesn't like cats much, so she decides that her new pet will be a dog.
D)   Tevin would like to spend his vacation in both Italy and Greece, but can only afford to travel to one place, so he decides to go to Greece.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 6: Attitudes

The phenomenon of insufficient justification does not support

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following situations should prompt the least decisional dissonance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Implicit Association Tests (IAT's) can detect implicit attitudes by measuring

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following factors can distinguish strong from weak attitudes except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concerning the impact of body movements on persuasion is true ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abby compliments Sharon on her new outfit, despite thinking it is not flattering at all. According to the "new look" at dissonance theory,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mirrors in shopping malls may reduce shoplifting because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not supported by social psychological research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaniqua plans to use a self-report measure in which people indicate their agreement or disagreement with a list of statements. She is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concerning the use of fear appeals is not supported by research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how both the cognitive content and emotional content of a message affect its persuasiveness. Be sure to discuss the relationship of both types of content to the central and peripheral routes to persuasion.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe cognitive content of a message has i...View AnswerShow Answer

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the central route to persuasion is false ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People high in need for cognition are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify and explain the process whereby the source of a message gradually loses its impact over time.

Correct AnswerverifiedThis process, known as the sleeper effec...View AnswerShow Answer

Tsuyoshi has positive implicit attitudes about himself. We know this because on an Implicit Association Test, he was quickest to associate ________ with photos of himself.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sam hates Celine Dion with a passion. One day he meets Celine at a party. She tries to win him over by giving him her new CD. In which of the following scenarios would Sam's attitudes towards Celine be most likely to change after hearing the CD?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The physical attractiveness of a spokesmodel will have the greatest effect if the product endorsed is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best summarizes the results of research regarding the effectiveness of subliminal self-help tapes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary difference between the models of persuasion proposed by Hovland and McGuire and that proposed by Greenwald is that Greenwald's model

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The cognitive content of a message has i...
View Answer

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This process, known as the sleeper effec...
View Answer

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