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To protect themselves from the arbitrary behavior of a king, feudal lords initiated what in modern times came to be called


A) feudal law.
B) medieval law.
C) family law.
D) government by consent and the rule of law.
E) canon law.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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As a result of the battle of Agincourt in 1415


A) the English were finally driven from France.
B) the English won control over southern France.
C) it appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two crowns.
D) French cavalry established their dominance over English archers.
E) Henry V was taken captive by French forces.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Earlier medieval increases in agricultural production did not continue in the Late Middle Ages as the result of all of the following EXCEPT


A) the decline of animal husbandry.
B) prolonged heavy rain and frost.
C) depletion of nutrients from the topsoil.
D) the conversion of arable land to grazing land.
E) a serious shortage of manure.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following statements best conveys the text's view of the end of the Middle Ages?


A) "A dark age comparable to the three centuries following Rome's fall descended on Europe."
B) "Medieval society's economic and political institutions and technological skills underwent a prolonged period of decay."
C) "Medieval civilization began its decline in the thirteenth century; however, no dark age followed."
D) "The waning of the Middle Ages opened up possibilities for another stage in Western civilization: the modern age."
E) "The waning of the Middle Ages was curiously similar to the waning of the Greek Dark Age."

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is NOT accurate?


A) In the opening phase of the Hundred Years' War, the English inflicted terrible defeats on French knights at Crécy.
B) In the fourteenth century, the trend was toward longer wars.
C) The English were expelled from all French territory except the port of Calais at the conclusion of the war.
D) The French depended on a volunteer army during the Hundred Years' War.
E) Marauding soldiers in the countryside helped to spark the Jacquerie.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe medieval technology?


A) European technology developed, in part, because Medieval society did not share the extreme view in the ancient world that manual work was degrading.
B) Medieval technology in part stemmed from the Christian that God was above nature, not in it.
C) European technology benefited from the belief that God had made the earth to be exploited by humankind.
D) In the Middle Ages, Europeans began to take the lead in technology over the Byzantines, Muslims, and Chinese.
E) One of the major contrasts between the Middle Ages and modern times is the medieval aversion to technology.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements concerning ideas about the relationship between medieval kings and their subjects is correct?


A) Law should be imposed on inferiors by an absolute monarch.
B) Kings were not bound by the law.
C) Law required a collaboration between the king and his subjects.
D) Lords had no right to resist a monarch who violated his agreements.
E) The power of representative assemblies exceeded the power of kings.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In contrast to Thomas Aquinas, fourteenth-century thinkers


A) became less critical and more mystical in seeking religious revelation.
B) tried to separate reason from faith.
C) tried to show the basic agreement of philosophy and religion.
D) believed reason could demonstrate the truth of Christian doctrines with certainty.
E) believed a synthesis of Aristotelianism and Christianity could be achieved.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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According to Duns Scotus, human reason could not prove that


A) God is omnipotent.
B) God forgives sin.
C) the righteous are rewarded by God and the wicked are punished.
D) there is an immortal soul.
E) all of the above

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Discuss the status of the papacy in the fourteenth century. How did it represent a resolution to the medieval debate over the nature of authority, and what is the legacy of the decline of papal power?

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The status of the papacy in the fourteen...

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Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Using specific examples, explain the ways in which the Late Middle Ages represented a time of challenge to the ideas of hierarchy that dominated the High Middle Ages.

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The Late Middle Ages, which spanned from...

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Which of the following wrote in support of the division of medieval society into orders, saying, "For inferiors owe it to their superiors to provide them with service"?


A) John Wycliffe
B) John Ball
C) John of Salisbury
D) John the Good of France
E) Jan Hus

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In response to religious dissent in the Late Middle Ages, the church


A) deprived the Lollards of their priestly functions.
B) burned Jan Hus at the stake.
C) tried but failed to crush the dissenters' followers.
D) was unsuccessful at eradicating the teachings of Wycliffe and Hus.
E) all of the above

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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The shortage of silver in late medieval Europe led to


A) coin debasement.
B) inflation.
C) declining income from peasant dues.
D) increased war and plunder.
E) all of the above

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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As a whole, modern society rejects all the following medieval beliefs EXCEPT


A) law should be applied differently according to a person's social class.
B) public issues should be settled by appeals to religious beliefs.
C) technology can be used to exploit the earth.
D) the universe is divided into a lower and an upper sphere each with their own laws.
E) natural disasters are God's punishment for people's sins.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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According to the text, the modern worldview differs from the medieval because


A) the modern universe no longer seems to have a built-in purpose.
B) the modern universe is much older and infinite.
C) in the modern view, God is no longer an active agent in human history.
D) in the modern view, the earth is not the center of the universe.
E) all of the above

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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