Question 1

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lactobacillus
B)   Candida albicans
C)   Clostridium difficile
D)   Helicobacter pyloriE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

What is the role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Initiation of the complement cascade
B)   Elimination of malignant cells
C)   Binding tightly to antigens
D)   Proliferation after immunization with antigenE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids,as well as lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Optic tears
B)   Oral saliva
C)   Sweat gland perspiration
D)   Sebaceous gland sebumE) All of the above
F) A) and D) D

Question 4

The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Causing vasodilation around the inflamed area
B)   Stimulating smooth muscle contraction in the inflamed area
C)   Directing leukocytes to the inflamed area
D)   Producing edema around the inflamed areaE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   IL-1
B)   IL-10
C)   TNF-α
D)   IFN-αE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Activation of the classical pathway begins with:

Accepted Answer

A)   Viruses
B)   Antigen-antibody complexes
C)   Mast cells
D)   MacrophagesE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

In the coagulation (clotting) cascade,the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   XII
B)   VII
C)   X
D)   VE) B) and C)
F) B) and D) C

Question 8

The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Tag of pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages.
B)   Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be created for acquired immunity.
C)   Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms.
D)   Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

IFN-α is secreted from which cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Virally infected cells
B)   Bacterial infected cells
C)   Macrophages
D)   Mast cellsE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

During the process of endocytosis,the phagosome step results in:

Accepted Answer

A)   Microorganisms are ingested.
B)   Microorganisms are killed and digested.
C)   Phagocytes recognize and adhere to bacteria.
D)   An intracellular phagocytic vacuole is formed.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications,the process of returning the cells to preinjury function is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   Restoration
B)   Resolution
C)   Regrowth
D)   ReplacementE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increases capillary permeability, and causes pain.
B)   Increases neutrophil chemotaxis and platelet aggregation.
C)   Causes smooth muscle contraction and fever.
D)   Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet aggregation.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) D

Question 13

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Leukotrienes
B)   Prostaglandin E
C)   Platelet-activating factor
D)   BradykininE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Platelet adhesion
B)   Initiation of the clotting cascade
C)   Vasodilation
D)   Increased endothelial adhesivenessE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Formation of exudates
B)   Fever and leukocytosis
C)   Redness and heat
D)   Pain and edemaE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Engulfment, recognition, fusion, destruction
B)   Fusion, engulfment, recognition, destruction
C)   Recognition, engulfment, fusion, destruction
D)   Engulfment, fusion, recognition, destructionE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Normal bacterial flora found in the intestines produce vitamin K to assist in the absorption of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcium
B)   Fatty acids
C)   Large polysaccharides
D)   Iron
E)   MagnesiumF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Microorganisms are ingested.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization
B)  Engulfment
C)  Phagosome
D)  Fusion
E)  DestructionF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells,the role of eosinophils is to release:

Accepted Answer

A)   Arylsulfatase B, which stimulates the formation of B lymphocytes
B)   Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation
C)   Lysosomal enzymes, which activate mast cell degranulation during acute inflammation
D)   Immunoglobulin E, which defends the body against parasitesE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function.
-Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte.

Accepted Answer

A)  Opsonization
B)  Engulfment
C)  Phagosome
D)  Fusion
E)  DestructionF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Exam 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation

Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the role of a natural killer (NK) cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids,as well as lactic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The chemotactic factor affects the inflammatory process by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cytokine is produced and released from virally infected host cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activation of the classical pathway begins with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the coagulation (clotting) cascade,the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways converge at which factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

IFN-α is secreted from which cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the process of endocytosis,the phagosome step results in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When cellular damage occurs and regeneration is minor with no significant complications,the process of returning the cells to preinjury function is referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability and to cause leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the vascular effect of histamine released from mast cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct sequence in phagocytosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal bacterial flora found in the intestines produce vitamin K to assist in the absorption of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Microorganisms are ingested.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells,the role of eosinophils is to release:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each step of phagocytosis with its function. -Lysosomal granules enter the phagocyte.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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D

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