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Exam 16: DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool

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Question 1

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Information from the Human Genome Project will:

A) Help reveal the role and implications of evolution.
B) Be useful for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases.
C) Reveal the location of a gene on a particular chromosome.
D) All of the above

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 2

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Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Electrophoresis

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Question 3

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________ is a technique that simultaneously detects more than one STR in a single DNA analysis.

The ________ gene is often used to determine the sex of a DNA contributor.

The X-STR gene can reveal the sex of the person who contributed a DNA sample.

DNA is a large molecule called a polymer, created by linking a series of repeating units known as ________.

STR analysis has replaced other DNA typing techniques because it:

The four bases on the DNA molecule are paired with A opposite T and G opposite C.

In the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the:

Y-STR markers are useful when multiple males are involved in a sexual assault. If three men are involved in such an attack the investigators would expect Y-STR analysis to show a maximum of:

Each cycle of the DNA Thermal Cycler takes approximately:

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Mitochondria

Mitochondrial DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell and is inherited from both parents.

The technology of DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of:

________ is the molecule that carries the body's genetic information.

STR analysis is the most successful and widely used DNA profiling procedure.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A technique for separating molecules through their migration on a support medium while under the influence of an electrical potential B)Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes C)A genetic locus useful for determining gender D)Small structures outside the nucleus that supply energy to the cell E)Cells derived from the inner cheek lining F)The building blocks of proteins G)A technique that simultaneously detects more than one DNA marker in a single analysis H)An unstained object adjacent to an area on which biological material has been deposited I)A technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside a living cell J)A rod-like structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located K)A repeating unit of DNA consisting of one of four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine-attached to a phosphate-sugar group L)The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA to form a double-stranded molecule M)A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs N)A short strand of DNA used to target a region of DNA for replication by PCR O)DNA from skin cells transferred onto the surface of an object by simple contact -Substrate control

The more STRs a forensic scientist can characterize, the greater is the likelihood that they originated from two different individuals.

Mitochondrial DNA analysis is significantly more sensitive than nuclear DNA profiling.

The greater the number of STRs characterized, the smaller the frequency of occurrence of the analyzed sample in the general population.